Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)
Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0909519107
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发表时间：
2010-03-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Gallipeau, Sherrie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayes, Tyrone B.;Khoury, Vicky;Gallipeau, Sherrie
除草剂阿特拉津是世界上最常用的农药之一。因此，阿特拉津是地面、地表和饮用水中最常见的农药污染物。阿特拉津也是一种有效的内分泌干扰物，在低生态相关浓度下具有活性。以往的研究表明，阿特拉津对两栖类幼虫的发育有不利影响。本研究表明，生殖后果的阿特拉津暴露在成年两栖动物。暴露于阿特拉津的雄性既被去男性化（化学阉割），又在成年后完全女性化。10%的基因暴露的雄性发育成功能性雌性，与未暴露的雄性交配并产生可存活的卵子。阿特拉津暴露的男性患有抑郁症睾酮，减少繁殖腺的大小，去男性化/女性化喉发育，抑制交配行为，减少精子发生，降低生育能力。这些数据与在其他脊椎动物中观察到的阿特拉津效应一致。目前的研究结果证实了阿特拉津和其他干扰内分泌的农药可能在全球两栖动物减少中发挥的作用。
The herbicide atrazine is one of the most commonly applied pesticides in the world. As a result, atrazine is the most commonly detected pesticide contaminant of ground, surface, and drinking water. Atrazine is also a potent endocrine disruptor that is active at low, ecologically relevant concentrations. Previous studies showed that atrazine adversely affects amphibian larval development. The present study demonstrates the reproductive consequences of atrazine exposure in adult amphibians. Atrazine-exposed males were both demasculinized (chemically castrated) and completely feminized as adults. Ten percent of the exposed genetic males developed into functional females that copulated with unexposed males and produced viable eggs. Atrazine-exposed males suffered from depressed testosterone, decreased breeding gland size, demasculinized/feminized laryngeal development, suppressed mating behavior, reduced spermatogenesis, and decreased fertility. These data are consistent with effects of atrazine observed in other vertebrate classes. The present findings exemplify the role that atrazine and other endocrine-disrupting pesticides likely play in global amphibian declines.