Lunar periodicity in the shell flux of planktonic foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico
Lunar periodicity in the shell flux of planktonic foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico
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DOI：
10.5194/bg-12-3061-2015
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hall, I. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jonkers, L.;Reynolds, C. E.;Hall, I. R.
同步繁殖为浮游有孔虫--一种重要的海洋钙化生物--提供了明显的好处，因为它增加了配子融合成功的机会。这种同步需要调谐到内部或外部时钟。在某些物种中存在月球生殖周期的证据，但在壳通量时间序列中识别它已被证明是困难的，提出了关于生殖策略的问题。从墨西哥湾北方的4年时间序列（主要是在每周分辨率）的频谱分析，我们表明，壳通量Globorotalia menardii，Globigerinella siphonifera，Orbulina universa，Globigerinoides sacculifer，Globigerinoides ruber（粉红色和白色品种），Pulleniatina quadriiloculata，Neogloboquadriina dutertrei，Globigerinella calida和Globigerinita duttertrei的特点是月球周期性。然而，月球的节奏并不存在于每个物种的所有大小部分，往往是更占主导地位的流量较大的贝壳，与繁殖是更普遍的较大的标本一致。月球周期叠加在壳通量的长期/季节性变化，但占通量的方差的一个重要部分。月球周期的振幅与流量的大小大致成比例地增加，这表明大多数人口确实受到月球相位同步的影响。在大多数物种中，峰值通量主要发生在满月前后或刚过满月。只有G. siphonifera和G. calida显示出对比鲜明的模式，山峰集中在新月周围。虽然同步的确切原因仍然难以捉摸，我们的数据大大增加了月球同步生殖的物种数量，并表明这种生殖行为在许多物种中很常见。
Synchronised reproduction offers clear benefits to planktonic foraminifera - an important group of marine calcifiers - as it increases the chances of successful gamete fusion. Such synchrony requires tuning to an internal or external clock. Evidence exists for lunar reproductive cycles in some species, but its recognition in shell flux time series has proven difficult, raising questions about reproductive strategies. Using spectral analysis of a 4-year time series (mostly at weekly resolution) from the northern Gulf of Mexico, we show that the shell flux of Globorotalia menardii, Globigerinella siphonifera, Orbulina universa, Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerinoides ruber (both pink and white varieties), Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globigerinella calida and Globigerinita glutinata is characterised by lunar periodicity. However, the lunar rhythm is not present in all size fractions of each species and tends to be more dominant in the flux of larger shells, consistent with reproduction being more prevalent in larger specimens. Lunar periodicity is superimposed on longer term/seasonal changes in the shell fluxes, but accounts for a significant part of the variance in the fluxes. The amplitude of the lunar cycle increases roughly proportional with the magnitude of the flux, demonstrating that most of the population is indeed affected by lunar-phased synchronisation. In most species peak fluxes occur predominantly around, or just after, full moon. Only G. siphonifera and G. calida show a contrasting pattern with peaks concentrated around new moon. Although the exact cause of the synchronisation remains elusive, our data considerably increase the number of species for which lunar synchronised reproduction is reported and suggest that such reproductive behaviour is common in many species of planktonic foraminifera.