Risk taking and novelty seeking in adolescence - Introduction to Part I
Risk taking and novelty seeking in adolescence - Introduction to Part I
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1308.003
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Landry, CF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelley, AE;Schochet, T;Landry, CF
冒险和寻求新奇是典型的青少年行为的特征。青少年寻求新的体验和更高水平的奖励刺激，经常从事危险的行为，而不考虑未来的结果或后果。在没有父母保护的情况下，这些行为可能会对独立和生存的发展产生适应性好处，但也会使青少年更容易受到伤害。事实上，青春期受伤或死亡的风险比儿童或成年期更高，抑郁、焦虑、吸毒和成瘾以及饮食失调的发生率增加。在情绪调节和认知功能中起关键作用的大脑通路在这一过渡时期经历了明显的成熟变化。很明显，青少年的思维和行为与成年人不同，但人们对这一时期神经、行为和认知事件的确切机制知之甚少。对这些动态变化的更多研究，特别是前额叶和相关的皮质边缘回路，可能有助于这种理解。此外，对青春期哺乳动物动物模型的研究--例如那些检查冲动、奖赏敏感性和决策的模型--也可能为解决青少年脆弱性问题提供新的机会。
Risk taking and novelty seeking are hallmarks of typical adolescent behavior. Adolescents seek new experiences and higher levels of rewarding stimulation, and often engage in risky behaviors, without considering future outcomes or consequences. These behaviors can have adaptive benefits with regard to the development of independence and survival without parental protection, but also render the adolescent more vulnerable to harm. Indeed, the risk of injury or death is higher during the adolescent period than in childhood or adulthood, and the incidence of depression, anxiety, drug use and addiction, and eating disorders increases. Brain pathways that play a key role in emotional regulation and cognitive function undergo distinct maturational changes during this transition period. It is clear that adolescents think and act differently from adults, yet relatively little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying neural, behavioral, and cognitive events during this period. Increased investigation of these dynamic alterations, particularly in prefrontal and related corticolimbic circuitry, may aid this understanding. Moreover, the investigation of mammalian animal models of adolescence-such as those examining impulsivity, reward sensitivity, and decision making-may also provide new opportunities for addressing the problem of adolescent vulnerability.