Challenges and directions for open ecosystems biodiversity restoration: An overview of the techniques applied for Cerrado
Challenges and directions for open ecosystems biodiversity restoration: An overview of the techniques applied for Cerrado
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开放生态系统生物多样性恢复的挑战和方向：塞拉多应用技术概述
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.14368
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Pilon N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pilon N
热带开放生态系统的生态恢复仍然是科学和实践的挑战。在过去的十年中，创新技术已经开发出来，但它们是否成功仍有待证明。评估这些举措的成果是至关重要的，以推动以下步骤，以改善热带草原和稀树草原restoration.Analysing 82数据集从文献和原始数据收集，我们评估了被动和主动恢复技术的有效性，适用于塞拉多开放的生态系统。我们使用植物多样性变量（物种和生长形式）作为指标，将杂草和外来物种视为非目标物种。具体而言，我们的目的是回答：（一）如何目标物种的多样性变化，随着时间的推移，在被动恢复的地区？(ii)主动和被动恢复技术是否能有效地恢复原始参考生态系统中目标物种的比例？(iii)当前的技术是否成功恢复了参考生态系统生长形式的比例？我们发现，目标物种的比例不随时间的推移而增加，这表明限制典型物种殖民退化的网站。因此，被动恢复将促进有限且恒定数量的目标物种的保护。这一数字将取决于退化的程度和以前的土地使用情况，目前用于恢复塞拉多开放生态系统生物多样性的恢复技术没有达到参考标准，不同的技术将植物群落推向不同的生长形式。主动恢复的基础上获得的原始供体网站（表土易位，植物材料移植，播种）的繁殖比被动恢复大多数的生长formsanalysed.Synthesis和应用：不同的生长形式有不同的作用，在确定塞拉多植被的结构和功能。混合使用各种技术可以更好地估计原始生态系统的植物多样性和目标物种的比例。单一的恢复方法不足以恢复塞拉多开放生态系统的生物多样性。相反，需要包括各种技术的混合努力。此外，通过更多的投资来提高我们对现有恢复技术的理解和发展，恢复的成功率可能会提高。
Ecological restoration of tropical open ecosystems remains challenging for both science and practice. Over the last decade, innovative techniques have been developed, but whether they have been successful or not remains to be demonstrated. Assessing the outcomes of these initiatives is crucial to drive the following steps to improve tropical grasslands and savanna restoration.Analysing 82 data sets from the literature and primary data collection, we assessed the effectiveness of passive and active restoration techniques applied in Cerrado open ecosystems. We used plant diversity variables (species and growth forms) as indicators, considering ruderals and exotics as non‐target species. Specifically, we aimed to answer: (i) How does the diversity of target species change through time in areas subject to passive restoration? (ii) Are active and passive restoration techniques effective in restoring the proportion of target species found in old‐growth reference ecosystems? (iii) Have the current techniques been successful in recovering the proportions of growth forms of reference ecosystems?We found that target species proportions do not increase with time, suggesting limitations of typical species to colonise degraded sites. Hence, passive restoration will promote the conservation of a limited and constant number of target species. This number will depend on the magnitude of degradation and previous land use.The restoration techniques currently applied to restore the biodiversity of Cerrado open ecosystems are not reaching the reference standards, with distinct techniques driving plant communities to different sets of growth forms. Active restoration based on propagules obtained from pristine donor sites (topsoil translocation, plant material transplant, and seeding) performed better than passive restoration for most of the growth forms analysed.Synthesis and applications: Different growth forms have different roles in determining the structure and functioning of Cerrado vegetation. A mix of techniques can better approximate plant diversity and the proportionality of target species of pristine ecosystems. Singular restoration approaches are insufficient for restoring Cerrado open ecosystem biodiversity. Mixed efforts encompassing various techniques are required instead. Furthermore, it is likely restoration success can be improved with greater investment in improving our understanding of, and developing existing restoration techniques.