Changes in Bacterial Communities in Seawater-Flooded Soil in the Four Years After the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami in Japan
Changes in Bacterial Communities in Seawater-Flooded Soil in the Four Years After the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami in Japan
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DOI：
10.3390/jmse8020076
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Inamoto, Tamio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Asano, Ryoki;Hayakawa, Atsushi;Inamoto, Tamio
2011年东北海啸造成了严重影响，例如有害物质和盐度在大面积上增加。在此，我们评估了2011年东北海啸后四年内农田细菌群落的变化。采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和16S核糖体RNA基因焦磷酸测序技术，对4种不同类型土壤（未淹田土壤、短期淹田土壤、长期淹田土壤、长期淹田和耕地土壤以及海湾沉积物、海砂和海水）中的细菌群落进行了比较。在2011年东北海啸淹没的土壤细菌群落中，这些影响在2013年之后没有出现。虽然LT和UF之间的细菌群落差异在四年中逐渐缩小，但LT中的细菌群落与UF中的细菌群落在几个方面存在差异，例如硫氧化细菌（Sulfur oxidizing bacteria，简称SIOB）的倾向频率更高，以及耐盐细菌（Halotolerant bacteria，简称SIOB）的存在。因此，人们认为东北海啸对土壤中微生物群落的影响超过了四年。特别是在淹水土壤中耐盐的盐硫杆菌属，在未淹水土壤和海洋环境中均未检测到。因此，人们认为，海啸造成的淹没会产生一个独特的环境，在土壤中形成细菌群落。此外，细菌群落结构，特别是耐盐性，可以作为一个很好的指标，长期的淹没对农田细菌群落的影响。
The 2011 Tohoku tsunami had a serious impact, such as an increase in harmful substances and salinity over a large area. Herein, we evaluated transitions in bacterial communities in agricultural fields in the four years after the 2011 Tohoku tsunami. Bacterial communities were compared across four different types of soil-unflooded field (UF) soil, soil flooded for a short term (ST), soil flooded for the long term (LT), soil flooded long term and cultivated fields (LTC), and marine environmental materials (bay sediment, sea sand and sea water), using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes. In the soil bacterial communities that were flooded by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, these effects were not seen after 2013. Although the difference in bacterial communities between LT and UF became smaller during the four years, the bacterial communities in LT were different from those in UF in several ways, such as a higher tendency frequency of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and the presence of halotolerant SOB. Therefore, it is thought that the Tohoku tsunami affected the microbial communities in the soil for more than four years. Especially genus Halothiobacillus, which is Halotolerant SOB in flooded soils, was detected neither in unflooded soil nor in the marine environment. Therefore, it is thought that inundation by a tsunami produces a unique environment with bacterial communities to form in soil. Further, SOB structure, especially halotolerant, might serve as a good indicators of the impacts of inundation on bacterial communities in agricultural fields over the long term.