Vocal activity of fin whales, Balaenoptera physalus, in the Ligurian Sea
Vocal activity of fin whales, Balaenoptera physalus, in the Ligurian Sea
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1748-7692.2002.tb01035.x
复制
发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, CW;Borsani, JF;Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, G
长须鲸（Balaenoptera physalus）是唯一一种经常在地中海发现的须鲸（Notarbartolo-di-Sciara 和 Demma 1997），它的种群在遗传上截然不同（Berub6 等人 1998）。该种群的生态细节尚不完整，其从秋季到春季的分布仍然未知。在夏季进食季节，鲸鱼聚集在一些高生产力的地方，例如利古里亚海和爱奥尼亚海，在那里它们捕食丰富的浮游动物群。对利古里亚海长须鲸的研究才刚刚开始。长须鲸在夏季栖息，并且在不同的夏季曾在那里重新看到过一些相同的动物。 Marini 等人（1996）描述了偶尔的空中行为，而 Panigada 等人（1999）报告了高达 450 m 的觅食潜水。 Notarbartolo-di-Sciara 等人（1997）提出，在冬季繁殖季节，长须鲸会分散到整个利古里亚海，可能通过长距离、低频的发声来维持社会联系。然而，在此之前，还没有关于地中海地区长须鲸声音的公开报道。与大多数其他须鲸物种相比，长须鲸的声音相对简单（Thompson et al. 1979、Clark 1991、Edds-Walton 1997、Clark and Ellison 2002）。最常见的长须鲸声音被称为“20 Hz 脉冲”。这种声音响亮（> 170 dB re 1 pPa2/Hz 频谱水平）和低频（15-30 Hz），持续时间约为 0.5-1.5 秒（Schevill et al., 1964; Payne and Webb 1971; Watkins 1981; Watkins etal. 1987; Edds 1988; Charif et al., in按）。这些 20 Hz 脉冲通常以长的图案序列产生。脉冲的特定声学特性（例如频率、持续时间和强度）以及序列内脉冲的定时模式存在可变性（Patterson 和 Hamilton 1964、Edds 1988、Thompson 等人 1992）。 20 Hz 脉冲的带宽及其出现的模式相对有限，但脉冲模式随地理位置而变化，并且有人认为模式会随时间而变化（Watkins 等人，1987 年；Thompson 等人，1992 年）。典型的脉冲间隔在 7 到 26 秒之间，但范围在 6 到 46 秒之间（Watkins 等人，1987）。序列持续时间范围从低至 3-4 分钟到高达 15-21 分钟，序列之间的静默期（Watkins 等人 1987 年术语中的“休息”）通常约为 1-5 分钟。这种变异性的功能意义仍然未知。
The fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus, is the only mysticete regularly found in the Mediterranean Sea (Notarbartolo-di-Sciara and Demma 1997), where it is represented by a genetically distinct population (Berub6 et al. 1998). Details of the ecology of this population are incomplete, and its distribution from the fall through spring remains unknown. During the summer feeding season whales congregate in a few locations of high productivity, such as the Ligurian and Ionian Seas, where they prey on rich zooplanktonic assemblages. Research on fin whales in the Ligurian Sea is just beginning. Fin whales are resident during summer months and some of the same animals have been resighted there in different summers. l Marini et al.(1996) described occasional aerial behavior, while Panigada et a/.(1999) reported foraging dives of up to 450 m. Notarbartolo-di-Sciara et al.(1997) suggested that during the winter breeding season fin whales disperse throughout the Ligurian Sea, possibly maintaining social contact by means of their long-range, low-frequency vocalizations. However, prior to this account there have been no published reports of fin whale sounds from the Mediterranean region. Fin whale sounds are relatively simple compared to most other baleen species (Thompson et al. 1979, Clark 1991, Edds-Walton 1997, Clark and Ellison 2002). The most common fin whale sound is referred to as a “20-Hz pulse.” This sound is loud (> 170 dB re 1 pPa2/Hz spectrum level) and low-frequency (15-30 Hz), and has a duration on the order of 0.5-1.5 sec (Schevill et al., 1964; Payne and Webb 1971; Watkins 1981; Watkins etal. 1987; Edds 1988; Charif et al., in press). These 20-Hz pulses are typically produced in long, patterned sequences. There is variability in the specific acoustic characteristics of pulses (eg, frequency, duration, and intensity) and in the timing pattern of pulses within a sequence (Patterson and Hamilton 1964, Edds 1988, Thompson et al. 1992). The bandwidth of the 20-Hz pulse and the patterns in which it occurs are relatively limited, but pulse patterns vary with geographic location, and there is some suggestion that patterns change over time (Watkins et al. 1987, Thompson et al. 1992). Typical pulse intervals are between 7 and 26 sec, but range between 6 and 46 sec (Watkins et al. 1987). Sequence durations range from as low as 3-4 min to as high as 15-21 min, and periods of silence between sequences (“rests” in the terminology of Watkins et al. 1987) are typically on the order of 1-5 min. The functional significance of this variability remains unknown.