Memory training in normal and demented elderly populations: the E-I-E-I-O model.
Memory training in normal and demented elderly populations: the E-I-E-I-O model.
复制标题
正常和痴呆老年人群的记忆训练：E-I-E-I-O 模型。
DOI：
10.1080/03610739308253938
复制
发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
O'Hanlon,AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camp,CJ;Foss,JW;Stevens,AB;Reichard,CC;McKitrick,LA;O'Hanlon,AM
记忆干预的启发式分类方案被描述为2 × 2矩阵。矩阵的一个维度涉及内部与外部记忆法的使用，另一个维度涉及外显（努力/有意识）与内隐（自动/无意识）学习的使用。在正常老年人群中，大多数记忆干预的尝试，如使用心理意象，都属于矩阵的外显-内部单元，需要花费大量的认知努力。因此，对正常老年人群的记忆干预，即使“成功”，通常也会产生有限的推广效果，并且通常不会随着时间的推移而保持。这种干预措施很少尝试在痴呆症人群。所描述的干预措施需要更少的努力，并在分类矩阵中的其他细胞的代表。这些可能对痴呆症和正常老年人更有效。通过这些替代手段获得的信息最终可能会被储存在内部，并成为有意识的可用，当个体意识到转向内部时，通常会产生“O”或“啊哈”体验，有意识地可用存储已经发生。
An heuristic classification scheme for memory interventions is described as a 2 × 2 matrix. One dimension of the matrix addresses the use of internal versus external mnemonics, and the other dimension addresses the use of explicit (effortful/conscious) versus implicit (automatic/unconscious) learning. Most attempts at memory interventions in normal older populations, such as the use of mental imagery, fall within the explicit-internal cell of the matrix and require expenditure of large amounts of cognitive effort. As a result, memory interventions in normal older populations, even when “successful,” usually produce results that are limited in their generalization and are usually not maintained over time. Such interventions are rarely attempted in demented populations. Interventions are described that require less effort and are representative of other cells in the classification matrix. These may be more effective for demented and normal elders. Information acquired through these alternative means may eventually be stored internally and become consciously available, often producing an “O” or “aha” experience when the individual realizes a shift to internal, consciously available storage has taken place.