Proton exchange, anneal proton exchange, and reverse proton exchange waveguides in Er:LiNbO3
Proton exchange, anneal proton exchange, and reverse proton exchange waveguides in Er:LiNbO3
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Er:LiNbO3 中的质子交换、退火质子交换和反向质子交换波导
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Lifante
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Cino;S. R. Sanseverino;M. De Micheli;K. El Hadi;F. Cussó;G. Lifante
我们报告了通过质子交换、退火质子交换和反向质子交换 (RPE) 获得的 Z 切掺铒 LiNbO3 波导的制造、表征和比较。我们发现，即使在质子浓度非常低（α 相）的波导中，由于 OH 声子，4I13/2 的辐射寿命缩短（因此荧光猝灭）也会产生 4I15/2 激光跃迁。相反，在 RPE 波导中，我们测量到几乎不受影响的寿命，因为普通偏振模式由几乎不含质子的表面层支持。众所周知，普通偏振在泵浦吸收效率和相对信号放大方面具有很大优势，因此这种波导似乎是 1.5 μm 左右放大/激光发射的可行解决方案，前提是可以充分减少由于折射率势垒泄漏造成的损耗。
We report the fabrication, characterization and comparison of waveguides in Z-cut Erbium-doped LiNbO3, obtained by Proton Exchange, Anneal Proton Exchange and Reverse Proton Exchange (RPE). We found that even in the very low proton concentration (α-phase) waveguides, the radiative lifetime reduction, hence the fluorescence quenching, of the 4I13/2 yields 4I15/2 laser transition due to OH phonons is dramatic. At the contrary, in the RPE waveguides we measured a nearly unaffected lifetime as the ordinary polarized modes are supported by a surface layer nearly free of proton. As it is known that the ordinary polarization is largely advantageous in terms of pump absorption efficiency and relative signal amplification, such waveguides appear to be a workable solution for amplification/lasing around 1.5 μm, provided that the losses due to leakage through the index barrier can be sufficiently reduced.