Reciprocal Relationships Between Exotic Rusty Crayfish, Macrophytes, and Lepomis Species in Northern Wisconsin Lakes
Reciprocal Relationships Between Exotic Rusty Crayfish, Macrophytes, and Lepomis Species in Northern Wisconsin Lakes
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威斯康星州北部湖泊中的外来锈小龙虾、大型植物和 Lepomis 物种之间的相互关系
DOI：
10.1007/s10021-006-9004-9
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
J. Kitchell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Roth;J. C. Tetzlaff;M. Alexander;J. Kitchell
非本地的锈色小龙虾（Orconectes rusticus）已经入侵了北方威斯康星州的许多湖泊，在这个过程中深刻地改变了沿岸的地区。还有其他湖泊被入侵，但没有表现出这些变化。我们假设，内源性反馈可以形成涉及生锈的小龙虾，他们破坏的水生植物，和Lepomis物种的丰度是正相关的水生植物丰度，也消耗少年小龙虾。我们评估了这一建议的长期数据，从一个湖泊，区域比较研究，并进行个案研究的Lepomis捕食小龙虾。随着时间的推移，在湖泊之间，生锈的小龙虾、沿岸的水生植物和鳞虾属物种的丰度以一种方式相关，这表明一组反馈调节了这三种物种的丰度。大量的鳞虾对幼虾的强烈捕食能够维持一些小龙虾种群的低丰度。因此，一些湖泊显示出深刻的生态变化，其中小龙虾达到高丰度，而其他湖泊则以低丰度维持小龙虾。因此，被生锈的小龙虾入侵的湖泊可能会呈现出替代生态系统的外观。直接实验是必要的，以确定是否，以及在什么条件下，一个湖泊可以存在于任何一个政权。
A bstractThe non-native rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) has invaded many lakes of northern Wisconsin, profoundly changing littoral zones in the process. There are other lakes that have been invaded, but do not exhibit these changes. We hypothesized that endogenous feedbacks could form involving rusty crayfish, the macrophytes they destroy, and Lepomis species whose abundance is positively related to macrophyte abundance and also consume juvenile crayfish. We assessed this proposal with long-term data from one lake, a regional comparative study, and a case study of Lepomis predation on crayfish. Through time and across lakes, abundances of rusty crayfish, littoral macrophytes and species of the genus Lepomis were related in a fashion that indicated a set of feedbacks that regulate the abundance of all three. Intense predation on juvenile crayfish by abundant Lepomis is capable of maintaining some crayfish populations at low abundance. Thus, some lakes display profound ecological changes where crayfish achieve high abundance, and others sustain crayfish at low abundance. Consequently, lakes invaded by rusty crayfish may take on the appearance of alternative ecological regimes. Direct experimentation is necessary to determine if, and under what conditions, a lake can exist in either regime.