Predicting foreign-accent adaptation in older adults
Predicting foreign-accent adaptation in older adults
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DOI：
10.1080/17470218.2012.658822
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Adank, Patti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Janse, Esther;Adank, Patti
我们调查了老年人对不熟悉口音的理解和适应。参与者对重音句子进行了快速句子验证任务：一组只听，另一组只听视听。我们的问题是视听呈现是否会促进对新口音的适应，以及哪些认知和语言措施可以预测适应。因此，研究人员对参与者进行了一系列背景测试：听力灵敏度、听觉语言短期记忆、工作记忆、注意力转换控制、选择性注意和词汇知识。在整个实验过程中，听觉组和视听组都表现出更高的准确性和更短的反应时间，有效地显示出口音适应。尽管听觉组和视听组的总改善量相似，但视听组的初始适应速度更快。听力敏感性、短期记忆和工作记忆测量与新口音的有效加工有关。进一步分析口音理解与背景测试之间的关系，发现选择性注意和词汇量预测了实验过程中的适应程度。这些结果表明，词汇知识和注意能力促进了知觉学习所需的注意转移策略。
We investigated comprehension of and adaptation to speech in an unfamiliar accent in older adults. Participants performed a speeded sentence verification task for accented sentences: one group upon auditory-only presentation, and the other group upon audiovisual presentation. Our questions were whether audiovisual presentation would facilitate adaptation to the novel accent, and which cognitive and linguistic measures would predict adaptation. Participants were therefore tested on a range of background tests: hearing acuity, auditory verbal short-term memory, working memory, attention-switching control, selective attention, and vocabulary knowledge. Both auditory-only and audiovisual groups showed improved accuracy and decreasing response times over the course of the experiment, effectively showing accent adaptation. Even though the total amount of improvement was similar for the auditory-only and audiovisual groups, initial rate of adaptation was faster in the audiovisual group. Hearing sensitivity and short-term and working memory measures were associated with efficient processing of the novel accent. Analysis of the relationship between accent comprehension and the background tests revealed furthermore that selective attention and vocabulary size predicted the amount of adaptation over the course of the experiment. These results suggest that vocabulary knowledge and attentional abilities facilitate the attention-shifting strategies proposed to be required for perceptual learning.