Inferences About Contextually Defined Categories
Inferences About Contextually Defined Categories
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关于上下文定义的类别的推论
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.15.6.1134
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Ratcliff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. McKoon;R. Ratcliff
文本描述中提到的类别通常由其上下文{Roth＆Shoben，1983）。本文中实验的结果表明，在阅读过程中，对此类类别的最典型示例的推论被高度编码。向受试者提供了包括类别上下文定义的句子，但没有提及类别的任何示例。当提出最典型的示例以进行以后的识别时，受试者在正确响应尚未明确介绍示例时就难以（相对于对照组）。但是，当提出较少典型的示例以供识别时，受试者在拒绝它们方面毫无困难。较不典型的示例的结果表明，关于上下文定义类别的推论不是由类别的定义和特征特征组成，因为较不典型的示例符合这种推论。取而代之的是，结果表明推论的内容由有关最典型示例与文本信息的属性有关的信息组成。
The categories referred to in textual descriptions are often defined by their context {Roth & Shoben, 1983). The results of experiments in this article suggest that inferences about the most typical exemplars of such categories are encoded to a high degree during reading. Subjects were presented with sentences that included contextual definitions of categories but did not mention any exemplars of the categories. When the most typical exemplars were presented for later recognition, subjects had difficulty (relative to a control) in correctly responding that the exemplar had not been explicitly presented. But when less typical exemplars were presented for recognition, subjects had no difficulty in rejecting them. The results for the less typical exemplars suggest that inferences about contextually defined categories are not made up of the defining and characteristic features of the categories because the less typical exemplars would match such inferences. Instead, the results suggest that the content of the inference is made up of information relating properties of the most typical exemplar to textual information.