Rapid depth perception in hunting archerfish. I. The predictive C-starts use an independent estimate of target height
Rapid depth perception in hunting archerfish. I. The predictive C-starts use an independent estimate of target height
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.177345
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Schuster, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Reinel, Caroline P.;Schuster, Stefan
箭鱼用喷水器驱逐空中的猎物，并利用它们的预测性C-启动来保护它。它们的C-启动将鱼转向较晚的撞击点，并设定速度，以便鱼及时到达。开始调整的基础上的速度，方向，时机和猎物运动的honzavelet开始位置的信息-在猎物开始下降后不到100毫秒采样。目前，还不清楚是否一个重要的参数，猎物的初始高度，也可以确定在这个短暂的采样时间。射手和可能也观察旁观者已经知道目标的高度-用来击中和塑造他们的喷气机-并将简单地将此信息输入他们的C-启动电路。我们通过从鱼正在看的预期高度和它们射击的高度，或者从更侧向的位置和更低或更高的初始高度发射最初看不见的猎物物体来挑战射水鱼。该装置的设计是这样的，通过对出发鱼选择的方向和线速度的分析，可以确定C-启动信息是基于预期高度还是基于实际高度，只有在隐藏的猎物开始下落后才能检测到。我们的研究结果表明，鱼迅速估计初始高度dunng最初下降阶段的猎物，并不简单地使用预期的高度水平，他们被提示。
Archerfish dislodge aerial prey with water jets and use their predictive C-starts to secure it. Their C-starts turn the fish to the later point of impact and set the speed so that the fish arrive just in time. The starts are adjusted on the basis of information on speed, direction, timing and honzontal start position of prey movement - sampled during less than 100 ms after prey starts falling. Presently, it is unclear whether one essential parameter, the initial height of prey, can also be determined during this brief sampling time. Shooters and probably also observing bystanders already know target height - used to hit and to shape their jets - and would simply have to feed this information into their C-start circuitry. We challenged archerfish by launching initially invisible prey objects either from the expected height level, at which the fish were looking and at which they fired shots, or from more lateral positions and a lower or higher initial height. The arrangement was designed so that an analysis of the direction and the linear speed chosen by the starting fish could determine whether the C-start information is based on the expected height oron the actual height, which can be detected only after hidden prey has begun falling. Our findings demonstrate that the fish quickly estimate initial height dunng the initial falling phase of prey and do not simply use the expected height level to which they were cued.