Blocking, unblocking, and overexpectation in autoshaping with pigeons
Blocking, unblocking, and overexpectation in autoshaping with pigeons
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1996.65-575
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发表时间：
1996-05-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Moore, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khallad, Y;Moore, J
三个实验中使用鸽子的自动成形程序和一个单一的主题设计，以研究复合刺激控制的经典条件反射。实验1考察了阻塞效应，实验2考察了非阻塞效应。在这两个实验中，反应无关的食物首先在一种独特颜色的室内灯光下间歇地传递，而不是另一种。然后，在每个室内照明存在的情况下进行常规的自动成形试验。在实验1中，在与食物呈负相关的室内灯光存在下，钥匙灯很容易引起反应，但在与食物呈正相关的室内灯光存在下，钥匙灯却不能引起反应。在实验2中，钥匙灯很容易引起反应，在存在的houselight正相关的食物，但只有当使用的食物量的自动成形试验是大于或小于先前交付的存在的houselight。实验3研究了过度预期效应。传统的自动成形试验首先通过单独呈现两个keylight中的每一个来进行。然后，通过将两个keylight呈现为复合物来进行额外的自动成形小瓶，每次试验具有相同量的食物或更大量的食物。最后，通过再次单独呈现它们来重新测试按键。当化合物试验中使用的食物量与单个小瓶中使用的食物量相同时，每个小瓶由钥匙灯引起的反应数量减少。然而，当化合物小瓶中使用的食物量大于单个试验中使用的食物量时，每次试验的响应数量保持大致相同。总之，这三个实验的结果表明：（a）阻塞，解除阻塞，和过度期待的影响，凭借其扩展到食欲的无条件刺激的一般性;（B）鸽子作为主题和自动成形作为一个程序，研究经典条件反射的适用性;（c）单主题设计的适当性。
Three experiments used pigeons in an autoshaping procedure and a single-subject design to examine compound stimulus control in classical conditioning. Experiment 1 examined the blocking effect, and Experiment 2 examined the unblocking effect. In both experiments, response-independent food was first delivered intermittently in the presence of one distinctively colored houselight but not another. Then, conventional autoshaping trials were carried out in the presence of each houselight. In Experiment 1, the keylight readily elicited responding in the presence of the houselight that had been negatively correlated with food, but not in the presence of the houselight that had been positively correlated with food. In Experiment 2, the keylight readily elicited responding in the presence of the houselight positively correlated with food, but only when the amount of food used on the autoshaping trials was either greater or less than that previously delivered in the presence of the houselight. Experiment 3 examined the overexpectation effect. Conventional autoshaping trials were first carried out by presenting each of two keylights individually Then, additional autoshaping vials were carried out by presenting the two keylights as a compound, with either the same amount of food or a greater amount of food per trial. Finally, the keylights were retested by again presenting them individually. The number of responses per vial elicited by the keylights decreased when the amount of food used in compound trials was the same as that used in individual vials. However, the number of responses per trial remained approximately the same when the amount of food used in compound vials was greater than that used in individual trials. Taken together, the results of the three experiments demonstrate (a) the generality of the blocking, unblocking, and overexpectation effects by virtue of their extension to appetitive unconditioned stimuli; (b) the suitability of pigeons as subjects and autoshaping as a procedure for studying classical conditioning; and (c) the appropriateness of single-subject designs.