Covariation of diet and gut microbiome in African megafauna
Covariation of diet and gut microbiome in African megafauna
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1905666116
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发表时间：
2019-11-19
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Pringle, Robert M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kartzinel, Tyler R.;Hsing, Julianna C.;Pringle, Robert M.
生物学的一个主要挑战是了解系统发育、饮食和环境如何塑造哺乳动物肠道微生物组。然而，大多数非人类微生物组的研究都依赖于相对粗略的饮食分类，并且要么关注个体野生种群，要么关注免受环境压力的圈养动物，这可能掩盖了饮食和环境变化对不同自然群落微生物组组成的影响。我们分析了半干旱东非稀树草原 33 个同域大型草食动物物种（27 个本地物种，6 个驯化物种）粪便样本中的植物和细菌 DNA，这使得能够对饮食和微生物组组成的季节性变化进行高分辨率评估。系统发育相关性强烈预测微生物组组成（r = 0.91），并且与饮食组成呈弱但显着相关（r = 0.20）。饮食多样性并不能显着预测跨物种或除捻角羚以外的任何物种内的微生物组多样性；然而，饮食组成与大多数物种之间和内部的微生物组组成显着相关。我们发现饮食与微生物组之间的关系存在一系列季节性敏感性：饮食成分的季节性变化解释了物种间微生物组成分季节性变化的 25%。物种在该谱上的位置（以及偏离）显然不是由系统发育、体型、消化策略或饮食组成驱动的；然而，驯化物种往往比野生动物表现出更大的饮食-微生物组更替。我们的结果揭示了环境对自由放养的非洲巨型动物的饮食-微生物组协变程度的影响存在显着差异，并且营养生态学的典型预测因子无法很好地解释这种差异。
A major challenge in biology is to understand how phylogeny, diet, and environment shape the mammalian gut microbiome. Yet most studies of nonhuman microbiomes have relied on relatively coarse dietary categorizations and have focused either on individual wild populations or on captive animals that are sheltered from environmental pressures, which may obscure the effects of dietary and environmental variation on microbiome composition in diverse natural communities. We analyzed plant and bacterial DNA in fecal samples from an assemblage of 33 sympatric large-herbivore species (27 native, 6 domesticated) in a semiarid East African savanna, which enabled high-resolution assessment of seasonal variation in both diet and microbiome composition. Phylogenetic relatedness strongly predicted microbiome composition (r = 0.91) and was weakly but significantly correlated with diet composition (r = 0.20). Dietary diversity did not significantly predict microbiome diversity across species or within any species except kudu; however, diet composition was significantly correlated with microbiome composition both across and within most species. We found a spectrum of seasonal sensitivity at the diet-microbiome nexus: Seasonal changes in diet composition explained 25% of seasonal variation in microbiome composition across species. Species' positions on (and deviations from) this spectrum were not obviously driven by phylogeny, body size, digestive strategy, or diet composition; however, domesticated species tended to exhibit greater diet-microbiome turnover than wildlife. Our results reveal marked differences in the influence of environment on the degree of diet-microbiome covariation in free-ranging African megafauna, and this variation is not well explained by canonical predictors of nutritional ecology.