Overlapping Podospora anserina Transcriptional Responses to Bacterial and Fungal Non Self Indicate a Multilayered Innate Immune Response.
Overlapping Podospora anserina Transcriptional Responses to Bacterial and Fungal Non Self Indicate a Multilayered Innate Immune Response.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2016.00471
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Paoletti M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lamacchia M;Dyrka W;Breton A;Saupe SJ;Paoletti M
对非自我的识别和反应对于所有生物体的发展和生存至关重要。它可以发生在同一物种的个体之间或不同的生物体之间。真菌是以植物不相容性 (VI) 形式建立的同种非自我识别模型，这是一种启动程序性细胞死亡 (PCD) 的基因控制过程，导致同一物种的遗传不同分离株之间的融合细胞排斥。在鹅足孢菌 VI 中，由 hnwd 基因家族成员控制，该基因家族编码类似于真核生物中 NOD 样受体 (NLR) 免疫受体的蛋白质。据推测，hnwd 控制的 VI 反应源自真菌先天免疫反应。在这里，我们分析了鹅 P. anserina 对两种细菌的转录反应，即 P. anserina 存活的沙雷氏菌和 S. marcescens，其中 P. anserina 屈服，并将这些与 VI 条件下诱导的转录反应进行比较。对两种细菌的转录反应在很大程度上重叠，但是当 P. anserina 存活时，受调节的基因数量和调节程度更为重要。对于上调或下调基因组，对细菌的转录反应也与 VI 反应重叠。上调的基因往往聚集在基因组中，并表现出有限的系统发育分布。在所有三种反应中，我们观察到与自噬相关的基因都被上调。自噬有助于所有三种条件下的真菌存活。编码次级代谢物和组氨酸激酶信号传导的基因在这三种情况下也上调。转录反应也显示出差异。参与氧化应激反应或编码小分泌蛋白的基因本质上是在对细菌的反应中表达的，而编码 NLR 蛋白的基因则在 VI 过程中表达。大多数响应细菌而编码的功能有利于真菌的生存，而在 VI 期间上调的大多数功能将导致细胞死亡。这些差异在真菌对非自身的多层反应的框架中进行了讨论。
Recognition and response to non self is essential to development and survival of all organisms. It can occur between individuals of the same species or between different organisms. Fungi are established models for conspecific non self recognition in the form of vegetative incompatibility (VI), a genetically controlled process initiating a programmed cell death (PCD) leading to the rejection of a fusion cell between genetically different isolates of the same species. In Podospora anserina VI is controlled by members of the hnwd gene family encoding for proteins analogous to NOD Like Receptors (NLR) immune receptors in eukaryotes. It was hypothesized that the hnwd controlled VI reaction was derived from the fungal innate immune response. Here we analyze the P. anserina transcriptional responses to two bacterial species, Serratia fonticola to which P. anserina survives and S. marcescens to which P. anserina succumbs, and compare these to the transcriptional response induced under VI conditions. Transcriptional responses to both bacteria largely overlap, however the number of genes regulated and magnitude of regulation is more important when P. anserina survives. Transcriptional responses to bacteria also overlap with the VI reaction for both up or down regulated gene sets. Genes up regulated tend to be clustered in the genome, and display limited phylogenetic distribution. In all three responses we observed genes related to autophagy to be up-regulated. Autophagy contributes to the fungal survival in all three conditions. Genes encoding for secondary metabolites and histidine kinase signaling are also up regulated in all three conditions. Transcriptional responses also display differences. Genes involved in response to oxidative stress, or encoding small secreted proteins are essentially expressed in response to bacteria, while genes encoding NLR proteins are expressed during VI. Most functions encoded in response to bacteria favor survival of the fungus while most functions up regulated during VI would lead to cell death. These differences are discussed in the frame of a multilayered response to non self in fungi.