Micro-venous valves in the superficial veins of the human lower limb
Micro-venous valves in the superficial veins of the human lower limb
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DOI：
10.1002/ca.10141
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Zhang, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Phillips, MN;Jones, GT;Zhang, M
通常认为静脉瓣不存在于直径小于2mm的静脉中。然而，最近在身体的几个区域的小静脉中发现了静脉瓣。本研究旨在测定人体下肢微静脉循环中静脉瓣的大小分布。从6个成人下肢血管铸型和采样区域进行了扫描电子显微镜观察。在410 cm（3）的皮下组织中共识别出2，376枚瓣膜。绝大多数（94%）的瓣膜位于管腔直径小于300 μ m的静脉中，65%的瓣膜位于管腔直径小于100 μ m的静脉通道中。最小的瓣膜被发现存在于直径为18 μ m的静脉通道。所有瓣膜均为二尖瓣，通常与一条支流相连。与瓣膜无关的静脉壁上的内皮细胞呈梭形，平行于血管长轴排列，然而，瓣尖腔和瓣窦表面上的内皮细胞呈多面体形状，没有显示出明显的排列模式。这项研究提供了直接的证据表明，小浅静脉的人下肢包含丰富的静脉瓣膜，并首次表明，这些阀门中的大多数存在于静脉通道小于100 μ m的管腔直径。
It is commonly believed that venous valves are not present in veins smaller than 2 mm in diameter. Venous valves, however, have been identified recently in small veins in several regions of the body. This study was undertaken to determine the size distribution of venous valves in the human lower limb micro-venous circulation. Vascular casts were made from six adult lower limbs and the sampled areas were viewed by scanning electron microscopy. In total, 2,376 valves were identified from 410 cm(3) of subcutaneous tissue. The vast majority (94%) of the valves were in veins less than 300 mum in luminal diameter, with 65% of the valves present in venous channels less than 100 mum in luminal diameter. The smallest valves identified were present in venous channels 18 mum in diameter. All valves were bicuspid and often associated with a tributary. Endothelial cells on the vein wall not associated with a valve were fusiform and arranged parallel to the long axis of the vessel, however, the endothelial cells on the luminal and valve sinus surfaces of the cusp were more polyhedral in shape and showed no obvious pattern of alignment. This study provides direct evidence to show that small superficial veins of the human lower limb do contain abundant venous valves and, for the first time, shows that the majority of these valves are present within venous channels less than 100 mum in luminal diameter.