VERNALIZATION1 controls developmental responses of winter wheat under high ambient temperatures
VERNALIZATION1 controls developmental responses of winter wheat under high ambient temperatures
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DOI：
10.1242/dev.172684
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Griffiths, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dixon, Laura E.;Karsai, Ildiko;Griffiths, Simon
低温需要通过一种称为春化的途径来调节从营养生长到生殖生长的过渡。在小麦中，春化作用主要涉及花激活剂VERNALIZATION 1（VRN 1）的冷上调。在这里，我们已经使用了一个极端的春化反应，通过研究环境温度的反应，揭示了温度输入到VRN-A1的复杂性，与等位基因拷贝间变异的基因扩增VRN-A1调制这些效果。我们发现，当植物在春化过程中和春化后经历高温时，生殖转换的抑制因子VERNALIZATION 2（VRN 2）和ODDSOC 2被重新激活。此外，VRN 2的这种再激活受光周期调节，但ODDSOC 2不受光周期调节。我们还发现，这种温暖的温度中断影响开花时间和小花数，是阶段特异性。这项研究强调了花激活剂和抑制剂之间的重要平衡，在协调植物对温度的反应，以及温暖的情况下是必不可少的完成春化。这些知识可用于开发具有更可预测的春化反应的农业种质，这些种质对可变的生长温度更具弹性。
Low temperatures are required to regulate the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth via a pathway called vernalization. In wheat, vernalization predominantly involves the cold upregulation of the floral activator VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1). Here, we have used an extreme vernalization response, identified through studying ambient temperature responses, to reveal the complexity of temperature inputs into VRN-A1, with allelic inter-copy variation at a gene expansion of VRN-A1 modulating these effects. We find that the repressors of the reproductive transition, VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2) and ODDSOC2, are re-activated when plants experience high temperatures during and after vernalization. In addition, this re-activation is regulated by photoperiod for VRN2 but was independent of photoperiod for ODDSOC2. We also find this warm temperature interruption affects flowering time and floret number and is stage specific. This research highlights the important balance between floral activators and repressors in coordinating the response of a plant to temperature, and that the absence of warmth is essential for the completion of vernalization. This knowledge can be used to develop agricultural germplasm with more predictable vernalization responses that will be more resilient to variable growth temperatures.