Traffic and meteorological impacts on near-road air quality: Summary of methods and trends from the raleigh near-road study
Traffic and meteorological impacts on near-road air quality: Summary of methods and trends from the raleigh near-road study
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DOI：
10.3155/1047-3289.58.7.865
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Bang, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baldauf, Richard;Thoma, Eben;Bang, John
越来越多的流行病学研究表明，在主要道路附近生活、工作或上学的人群中，不良健康影响的发生率增加。一项研究旨在评估交通排放对交通繁忙的高速公路附近空气质量和颗粒物毒性的影响。在试图描述污染物的复杂混合物和大气传输机制影响污染物扩散在这附近的高速公路环境中，几个实时和时间积分采样设备测量空气质量浓度在多个距离和高度的道路。分析的污染物包括美国环境保护署（EPA）管制的气体，颗粒物（粗，细，超细）和空气有毒物质。污染物的测量与实时交通和气象监测装置同步进行，以便对道路附近的空气污染物浓度和颗粒毒性随交通和环境条件的变化以及与道路的距离的变化进行连续和综合的评估。测量结果表明，交通排放对近路空气质量的时空影响。在所有风力和交通条件下，移动的源排放的气体和颗粒污染物的分布表明，道路附近浓度升高的比例较高，这表明在此微环境中花费大量时间的人群暴露量增加。污染物浓度的日变化也表明了交通活动和气象对近路空气质量的影响。时间分辨测量的多种污染物表明，交通排放产生了复杂的混合物的标准和空气中的有毒污染物在这个微环境。这些结果为今后评估这些数据提供了基础，以确定交通活动和气象对空气质量浓度和人口暴露的关系。
A growing number of epidemiological studies conducted worldwide suggest an increase in the occurrence of adverse health effects in populations living, working, or going to school near major roadways. A study was designed to assess traffic emissions impacts on air quality and particle toxicity near a heavily traveled highway. In an attempt to describe the complex mixture of pollutants and atmospheric transport mechanisms affecting pollutant dispersion in this near-highway environment, several real-time and time-integrated sampling devices measured air quality concentrations at multiple distances and heights from the road. Pollutants analyzed included U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-regulated gases, particulate matter (coarse, fine, and ultrafine), and air toxics. Pollutant measurements were synchronized with real-time traffic and meteorological monitoring devices to provide continuous and integrated assessments of the variation of near-road air pollutant concentrations and particle toxicity with changing traffic and environmental conditions, as well as distance from the road. Measurement results demonstrated the temporal and spatial impact of traffic emissions on near-road air quality. The distribution of mobile source emitted gas and particulate pollutants under all wind and traffic conditions indicated a higher proportion of elevated concentrations near the road, suggesting elevated exposures for populations spending significant amounts of time in this microenvironment. Diurnal variations in pollutant concentrations also demonstrated the impact of traffic activity and meteorology on near-road air quality. Time-resolved measurements of multiple pollutants demonstrated that traffic emissions produced a complex mixture of criteria and air toxic pollutants in this microenvironment. These results provide a foundation for future assessments of these data to identify the relationship of traffic activity and meteorology on air quality concentrations and population exposures.