Protect our environment from information overload
Protect our environment from information overload
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保护我们的环境免受信息过载的影响
DOI：
10.1038/s41562-024-01833-8
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
29.9
通讯作者：
Maček, Sebastijan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hołyst, Janusz A.;Mayr, Philipp;Thelwall, Michael;Frommholz, Ingo;Havlin, Shlomo;Sela, Alon;Kenett, Yoed N.;Helic, Denis;Rehar, Aljoša;Maček, Sebastijan R.
我们现在每天接触到的信息比我们能够处理的要多，这带来了巨大的成本。我们认为，信息空间应被视为我们的环境的一部分，并呼吁研究的影响和管理的信息过载。作为人类，我们在复杂的世界中航行时会积极寻求信息。几个世纪以来，对信息过剩的担忧一直困扰着人类，但由于全球数字连接的不断增加，需要我们关注的数据呈指数级增长。对于那些拥有智能手机和互联网连接的人来说，信息现在以前所未有的规模随时可用。这造成了每天的“信息过载”（IOL）：大量的数据，超出了人类及时处理它们的能力。人工晶状体限制了我们评估信息和做出有效决策的能力。2011年的一项商业研究估计，每年人工晶状体的全球成本为1万亿美元1。IOL会降低决策能力，增加对错误的容忍度，减少社交活动，降低工作和用户满意度，并导致动力不足，负面情绪和健康受损。这样，IOL可以被理解为一种类似于空气污染的污染形式（图1）。我们根本不能在信息空间作为自然环境的破坏中梦游。最近的一项研究将IOL总结为“一种消极的心理状态，在这种状态下，个体感到他们接收了太多的信息，这阻碍了他们执行任务的能力”3，尽管没有普遍接受的定义（由于其与认知过载重叠）。从心理学的角度来看，IOL可以对应于认知负荷4，但也需要考虑其他组成部分，如疲劳，注意力，时间压力和工作记忆能力，因为IOL是一个多维结构，需要认知，情感，上下文和环境方面3。
We are now exposed daily to more information than we can process and this has substantial costs. We argue that the information space should be recognized as part of our environment and call for research into the effects and management of information overload. As humans, we actively seek information when navigating our complex world. Fears about excessive information have troubled humanity for centuries, but owing to increasing global digital connectivity the data that demand our attention have grown exponentially. For those with smartphones and an internet connection, information is now readily available on an unprecedented scale. This has created a daily ‘information overload’(IOL): an abundance of data, beyond the human capacity to process them in a timely fashion. IOL limits our ability to evaluate information and make effective decisions. A 2011 commercial study estimated the annual IOL global costs at US $1 trillion 1. IOL can decrease decision-making performance, increase tolerance of errors, reduce social activities, lower job and user satisfaction, and cause demotivation, negative emotions and compromised health 2. In this way, IOL can be understood as a form of pollution that is akin to air pollution (Fig. 1). We simply cannot sleepwalk through the destruction of the information space as a natural environment.A recent study summarizes IOL as a “negative psychological state in which individuals feel that they are receiving too much information, which hinders their ability to carry out their tasks” 3, although there is no universally accepted definition (owing to its overlap with cognitive overload). From a psychological perspective, IOL can correspond to cognitive load 4 but other components—such as fatigue, attention, time pressure and working-memory capacity—also need to be considered, as IOL is a multidimensional construct that entails cognitive, emotional, contextual and environmental aspects 3.