Climatic and intertrophic effects detected in 10-year population dynamics of biological control of the arrowhead scale by two parasitoids in southwestern Japan
Climatic and intertrophic effects detected in 10-year population dynamics of biological control of the arrowhead scale by two parasitoids in southwestern Japan
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DOI：
10.1007/s10144-005-0243-y
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
M. Tuda;Takashi Matsumoto;T. Itioka;N. Ishida;M. Takanashi;W. Ashihara;M. Kohyama;M. Takagi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Tuda;Takashi Matsumoto;T. Itioka;N. Ishida;M. Takanashi;W. Ashihara;M. Kohyama;M. Takagi
本文研究了由温州蜜柑严重害虫矢尖蚧Unaspis yanonensis及其两种外来寄生蜂Coccobius fulvus和Aphytis yanonensis组成的典型生物控制系统的气候和三营养相互作用的相对效应。三种昆虫在两个橙子格罗夫斯每棵树的基础上长达10年的年度人口反应进行了分析，一般线性模型，向后逐步的程序，选择非生物（夏/冬温度和降雨量）和生物（三种昆虫的密度和橙子轴承在过去几年）的自变量。温度对慈姑蚧和两种寄生蜂的生长有正影响。三种昆虫的降雨量呈负相关。柑橘结果表现出负延迟密度依赖性，从而支持观察到的交替结果现象，可能是由于气候因素引发的生理失衡。慈菇规模呈负相关，在前几年的水果产量，可能是由于在随后几年的肥大结实的阻力降低。我们发现，慈姑蚧与蚧虫仅在单个格罗夫中呈负相关，而与Aphytis无相关。因此，在该系统的后过渡阶段，寄生蜂自下而上的控制可能比自上而下的控制更重要。
Relative effects of weather and three-trophic interactions were studied for a classical biological control system consisting of the arrowhead scaleUnaspis yanonensis, known formerly as a serious pest of the Satsuma mandarin orangeCitrus unshiu, and its two introduced parasitoids,Coccobius fulvusandAphytis yanonensis. Yearly population responses of the three insect species on a per-tree basis for up to 10 years at two orange groves were analyzed by general linear models, with a backward stepwise procedure, to select among abiotic (summer/winter temperature and rainfall) and biotic (densities of the three insect species and orange bearing in the previous years) independent variables. Temperature positively affected the arrowhead scale and the two parasitoids. A negative correlation of rainfall was detected for all three insect species. Mandarin fruiting showed negative delayed density dependence, thereby supporting the observed alternate bearing phenomenon in mandarins, presumably due to physiological imbalance triggered by climatic factors. The arrowhead scale was negatively correlated with fruit production in the preceding years, possibly due to reduced resistance in subsequent years of mast fruiting. We found a negative correlation of the arrowhead scale withCoccobiusonly in a single grove and none withAphytis.Thus, it appears that bottom-up forces may be more important than top-down control by the parasitoids in the post-transient phase of this system.