Model simulations of stratospheric ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NO x during Arctic Winter 2003/2004
Model simulations of stratospheric ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NO x during Arctic Winter 2003/2004
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-8-5279-2008
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发表时间：
2008-09
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
B. Vogel;P. Konopka;J. Grooß;Ralph Müller;B. Funke;M. López‐Puertas;T. Reddmann;G. Stiller;T. Clarmann;M. Riese
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文献类型：
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作者：
B. Vogel;P. Konopka;J. Grooß;Ralph Müller;B. Funke;M. López‐Puertas;T. Reddmann;G. Stiller;T. Clarmann;M. Riese
卫星观测表明，2003年10月至11月发生的巨大太阳质子事件对极地地区平流层和中间层的组成产生了重大影响。在2003年11月至2004年11月的SPEs之后和2004年初，几个卫星仪器观测到北方半球平流层上部和中间层下部的NOx（=NO+ NO2）显著增强。在这里，我们提出了全球全化学计算与CLaMS模式进行研究中间层氮氧化物入侵北极极地臭氧损失过程中平流层的影响。在2000 K位温（海拔150 km）下，采用不同的上边界条件对NOx进行了数值模拟。在我们的研究中，我们专注于非本地生产的氮氧化物的影响，这意味着向下运输的增强氮氧化物从中间层到平流层。平流层中NOx的局部产生被忽略。我们的研究结果表明，入侵的中层空气进入平流层，运输高负担的氮氧化物，影响北极极地地区的组成下降到约400 K（17-18公里）。我们比较我们模拟的NOx和O3的混合比与卫星观测ACE-FTS和MIPAS在IMK/IAA处理，并得出一个上限的臭氧损失所造成的增强中层NOx。我们的研究结果表明，在北极极涡（相当于lat。2003年11月至2003年11月，在350-2000 K位温（海拔14-50 km）的平流层中，由SPE引起的累积臭氧柱损失高达3.3 DU，到11月底的上限为5.5 DU。此外，我们发现，约10 DU，但在任何情况下都低于18 DU，累积臭氧损失额外发生，直到2004年3月底所造成的中间层富NOx空气在2004年初的传输。由于2003年11月至11月的太阳质子产生的NOx在55公里以上，到11月底，在平流层下部（350-700 K，14-27公里），对臭氧损失过程的影响微乎其微。2004年初的中层NOx入侵导致平流层臭氧损失约为3.5 DU，到3月底明显低于6.5 DU。总体而言，非本地生产的氮氧化物是在北极观察到的臭氧损失的现有变化的一个额外的可变性。
Satellite observations show that the enormous solar proton events (SPEs) in October–November 2003 had significant effects on the composition of the stratosphere and mesosphere in the polar regions. After the October–November 2003 SPEs and in early 2004, significant enhancements of NO x (=NO+NO 2 ) in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere in the Northern Hemisphere were observed by several satellite instruments. Here we present global full chemistry calculations performed with the CLaMS model to study the impact of mesospheric NO x intrusions on Arctic polar ozone loss processes in the stratosphere. Several model simulations are preformed with different upper boundary conditions for NO x at 2000 K potential temperature (≈50 km altitude). In our study we focus on the impact of the non-local production of NO x , which means the downward transport of enhanced NO x from the mesosphere to the stratosphere. The local production of NO x in the stratosphere is neglected. Our findings show that intrusions of mesospheric air into the stratosphere, transporting high burdens of NO x , affect the composition of the Arctic polar region down to about 400 K (≈17–18 km). We compare our simulated NO x and O 3 mixing ratios with satellite observations by ACE-FTS and MIPAS processed at IMK/IAA and derive an upper limit for the ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NO x . Our findings show that in the Arctic polar vortex (equivalent lat.>70° N) the accumulated column ozone loss between 350–2000 K potential temperature (≈14–50 km altitude) caused by the SPEs in October–November 2003 in the stratosphere is up to 3.3 DU with an upper limit of 5.5 DU until end of November. Further, we found that about 10 DU, but in any case lower than 18 DU, accumulated ozone loss additionally occurred until end of March 2004 caused by the transport of mesospheric NO x -rich air in early 2004. The solar-proton-produced NO x above 55 km due to the SPEs of October–November 2003 had a negligibly small impact on ozone loss processes through the end of November in the lower stratosphere (350–700 K≈14–27 km). The mesospheric NO x intrusions in early 2004 yielded a lower stratospheric ozone loss of about 3.5 DU, and clearly lower than 6.5 DU through the end of March. Overall, the non-local production of NO x is an additional variability in the existing variations of the ozone loss observed in the Arctic.