Neutrino spectroscopy with atoms and molecules
Neutrino spectroscopy with atoms and molecules
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DOI：
10.1093/ptep/pts066
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发表时间：
2012-11
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
A. Fukumi;S. Kuma;Y. Miyamoto;K. Nakajima;I. Nakano;H. Nanjo;C. Ohae;N. Sasao;Minoru Tanaka;T. Taniguchi;S. Uetake;Tomonari Wakabayashi;Takuya Yamaguchi;A. Yoshimi;M. Yoshimura
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Fukumi;S. Kuma;Y. Miyamoto;K. Nakajima;I. Nakano;H. Nanjo;C. Ohae;N. Sasao;Minoru Tanaka;T. Taniguchi;S. Uetake;Tomonari Wakabayashi;Takuya Yamaguchi;A. Yoshimi;M. Yoshimura
我们给出了一个全面的帐户，我们提出的实验方法，使用原子或分子，以测量参数的中微子仍然未定;的绝对质量尺度，质量等级模式（正常或倒置），中微子质量类型（马约拉纳或狄拉克），和CP违反阶段，包括马约拉纳阶段。原子靶的优势在于，由于可用的原子能接近预期的中微子质量，而不是核靶实验。宏观相干放大机制克服了使用原子靶的速率小的缺点。我们使用的原子或分子过程是一个集体的原子在亚稳态水平的合作去激发|e>发射中微子对和光子;| e> ->| g> + gamma + nu_i nu_j其中nu_i是中微子质量本征态。通过触发激光辐照产生宏观相干。通过建立目标量子态和传播电场的主方程，讨论了宏观相干性的发展。通过选择重靶原子或分子，例如具有大的M1 × E1矩阵元的I_3或I_2，|e>和|g>，我们证明了可以通过测量光子谱形状来确定沿着质量等级图的三个中微子质量。如果使用1 eV分数的可用能量的目标，则可以确定马约拉纳CP相。我们的主方程应用于E_1xE_1跃迁，如pH_2振动跃迁Xv=1 -> 0，可以描述爆炸PSR事件，其中大部分能量储存在|e>在几纳秒内释放。本文旨在完整地解释过去相关理论工作的一些细节，并进一步报道新的模拟和我们正在进行的利用原子/分子实现中微子质谱的项目的实验工作。
We give a comprehensive account of our proposed experimental method of using atoms or molecules in order to measure parameters of neutrinos still undetermined; the absolute mass scale, the mass hierarchy pattern (normal or inverted), the neutrino mass type (Majorana or Dirac), and the CP violating phases including Majorana phases. There are advantages of atomic targets, due to the closeness of available atomic energies to anticipated neutrino masses, over nuclear target experiments. Disadvantage of using atomic targets, the smallness of rates, is overcome by the macro-coherent amplification mechanism. The atomic or molecular process we use is a cooperative deexcitation of a collective body of atoms in a metastable level |e> emitting a neutrino pair and a photon; |e> -> |g> + gamma + nu_i nu_j where nu_i's are neutrino mass eigenstates. The macro-coherence is developed by trigger laser irradiation. We discuss aspects of the macro-coherence development by setting up the master equation for the target quantum state and propagating electric field. With a choice of heavy target atom or molecule such as Xe or I_2 that has a large M1 x E1 matrix element between |e> and |g>, we show that one can determine three neutrino masses along with the mass hierarchy pattern by measuring the photon spectral shape. If one uses a target of available energy of a fraction of 1 eV, Majorana CP phases may be determined. Our master equation, when applied to E1 x E1 transition such as pH_2 vibrational transition Xv=1 -> 0, can describe explosive PSR events in which most of the energy stored in |e> is released within a few nanoseconds. The present paper is intended to be self-contained explaining some details related theoretical works in the past, and further reports new simulations and our ongoing experimental efforts of the project to realize the neutrino mass spectroscopy using atoms/molecules.