How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world
How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world
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DOI：
10.1002/ejsp.674
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Wardle, Jane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lally, Phillippa;Van Jaarsveld, Cornelia H. M.;Wardle, Jane
为了研究日常生活中习惯形成的过程，96名志愿者选择了一种饮食、饮水或活动行为，在相同的情境下（例如“早餐后”）每天进行，持续12周。他们每天完成自我报告习惯指数（SRHI），并记录自己是否进行了该行为。大多数（82名）参与者提供了足够的数据用于分析，并且在研究期间对自动化程度的提高（通过SRHI项目的一个子集计算）进行了检测。非线性回归为每个人在84天内的自动化分数拟合了一条渐近曲线。该模型适用于62个人，其中39人拟合良好。行为执行得越一致，模型拟合效果越好。参与者达到其自动化渐近线的95%所花费的时间从18天到254天不等；这表明人们达到自动化极限所需的时间差异很大，并突出表明这可能需要很长时间。错过一次执行该行为的机会并没有对习惯形成过程产生实质性影响。在一致的情境下重复一种行为，自动化程度会沿着一条渐近曲线提高，这条曲线可以在个体层面进行建模。版权所有（C）2009约翰威立父子有限公司
To investigate the process of habit formation in everyday life, 96 volunteers chose an eating, drinking or activity behaviour to carry out daily in the same context (for example 'after breakfast') for 12 weeks. They completed the self-report habit index (SRHI) each day and recorded whether they carried out the behaviour. The majority (82) of participants provided sufficient data for analysis, and increases in automaticity (calculated with a sub-set of SRHI items) were examined over the study period. Nonlinear regressions fitted an asymptotic curve to each individual's automaticity scores over the 84 days. The model fitted for 62 individuals, of whom 39 showed a good fit. Performing the behaviour more consistently was associated with better model fit. The time it took participants to reach 95% of their asymptote of automaticity ranged from 18 to 254 days; indicating considerable variation in how long it takes people to reach their limit of automaticity and highlighting that it can take a very long time. Missing one opportunity to perform the behaviour did not materially affect the habit formation process. With repetition of a behaviour in a consistent context, automaticity increases following an asymptotic curve which can be modelled at the individual level. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.