Role of Saharan dust in the relationship between particulate matter and short-term daily mortality among the elderly in Madrid (Spain)
Role of Saharan dust in the relationship between particulate matter and short-term daily mortality among the elderly in Madrid (Spain)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.049
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Diaz, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jimenez, E.;Linares, C.;Diaz, J.
撒哈拉沙漠沙尘暴是马德里大气中的一种常见现象。现行的欧洲城市空气质量指令2008/50 CE没有区分哪种颗粒物（PM10、PM25或PM10-25）是有/没有撒哈拉沙漠沙尘入侵的最佳指标。本研究旨在确定撒哈拉沙漠灰尘在颗粒物（PM10，PM25和PM10-25）浓度和马德里市老年人每日死亡率之间的关系中所发挥的作用。我们对2003年至2005年75岁以上年龄组的每日死亡率进行了生态纵向时间序列研究，建立了有和没有撒哈拉沙尘入侵的泊松回归模型。（国际疾病分类-第10次修订版（ICD-10）：A00-R99），循环系统原因（ICD-10 100-199）;和呼吸原因（ICD-10 J 00-J 99）。每日平均PM10、PM25和PM10-25水平被用作自变量。趋势、季节性、流感流行和死亡率系列之间的自相关性结果虽然在没有撒哈拉沙尘入侵的日子里，马德里的每日平均PM 25浓度与上述所有原因的每日死亡率存在显着的统计相关性，但这种相关性并没有证据表明多元模型中的PM 10或PM 10 -25。PM25浓度增加10 μ g/m3的相对风险（RRS）为：1.023（1.010-1.036）总器质性原因，1 033（1 031-1 035）循环系统原因，1 032（1004-1.059）在撒哈拉沙尘天气，在PM10和PM2.5之间检测到显著的统计学关联，（虽然不是PM25或PM10-25）与PM25报告的RR在统计学上相似，结论评价空气质量的最佳指标是因此，马德里的颗粒物对健康的短期影响是有撒哈拉沙尘爆发的日子里的PM10浓度和没有撒哈拉沙尘爆发的日子里的PM25浓度。这一事实应该在欧洲指令中考虑到，该指令在地中海地区几乎所有国家都规定了环境空气质量（C）2010 Elsevier B V。
Background Saharan dust outbreaks are a common phenomenon in the Madrid atmosphere The current Directive 2008/50 CE governing air quality in European cities, draws no distinction between which particulate matter (PM10, PM25 or PM10-25) would be the best indicator on days with/without Saharan dust intrusions. This study sought to identify the role played by Saharan dust in the relationship between particulate matter (PM10, PM25 and PM10-25) concentrations and daily mortality among the elderly in the city of Madrid.Methods. We conducted an ecological longitudinal time-series study on daily mortality among the over-75 age group from 2003 to 2005 Poisson regression models were constructed for days with and without Saharan dust intrusions The following causes of daily mortality were analysed total organic causes except accidents (International Classification of Disease-10th revision (ICD-10): A00-R99), circulatory causes (ICD-10 100-199); and respiratory causes (ICD-10 J00-J99) Daily mean PM10, PM25 and PM10-25 levels were used as independent variables Control variables were other ambient pollutants (chemical, biotic and acoustic). trend, seasonalities, influenza epidemics, and autocorrelations between mortality seriesResults While daily mean PM25 concentrations in Madrid displayed a significant statistical association with daily mortality for all the above causes on days without Saharan dust intrusions, this association was not in evidence for PM10 or PM10-25 in the multivariate models. The relative risks (RRS) obtained for an increase of 10 mu g/m(3) in PM25 concentrations were: 1.023 (1.010-1.036) for total organic causes, 1 033 (1 031-1 035) for circulatory causes, and 1 032 (1004-1.059) for respiratory causes On Saharan dust days, a significant statistical association was detected between PM10 (though not PM25 or PM10-25) and mortality for all 3 causes analysed with RRs statistically similar to those reported for PM25Conclusions The best air quality indicators for evaluating the short-term health effect of particulate matter in Madrid are therefore PM10 concentrations on days with and PM25 concentrations on days without Saharan dust outbreaks This fact should be taken into account in a European Directive regulating ambient air quality in almost all countries in the Mediterranean area (C) 2010 Elsevier B V. All rights reserved.