The gut ecosystem and immune tolerance.
The gut ecosystem and immune tolerance.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103114
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发表时间：
2023-09
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Tihong Shao;Ronald Hsu;Desiree L. Rafizadeh;Li Wang;C. Bowlus;Narendra Kumar;Jayshree Mishra;Suraj Timilsina;W. Ridgway;M. Gershwin;A. Ansari;Zongwen Shuai;P. Leung
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文献类型：
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作者：
Tihong Shao;Ronald Hsu;Desiree L. Rafizadeh;Li Wang;C. Bowlus;Narendra Kumar;Jayshree Mishra;Suraj Timilsina;W. Ridgway;M. Gershwin;A. Ansari;Zongwen Shuai;P. Leung
胃肠道是人体内最大的微生物群的家园。肠道微生物群在肠道免疫系统的发育中起着重要作用，并对生命早期开始的免疫耐受的维持产生重大影响。这些微生物以动态和相互依赖的方式与免疫系统相互作用。它们通过呈递大量抗原决定簇和微生物代谢物产生免疫信号，这些抗原决定簇和微生物代谢物影响免疫功能和稳态的发育、成熟和维持。同时，先天性和适应性免疫系统都参与调节肠道和病原微生物之间稳定的微生物生态系统。因此，肠道微生物群和宿主免疫系统协同工作以维持免疫稳态。在易感宿主中，这种和谐状态的破坏会极大地影响人类健康，并导致各种自身炎症和自身免疫性疾病。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了我们目前对肠道微生物群和免疫之间相互作用的理解，重点是：a）肠道先天性和适应性免疫的重要参与者; B）肠道微生物代谢产物的贡献; c）先天性和适应性免疫的破坏以及肠道微生物群的改变对驱动各种自身免疫性疾病中自身免疫的分子机制的影响。
The gastrointestinal tract is home to the largest microbial population in the human body. The gut microbiota plays significant roles in the development of the gut immune system and has a substantial impact on the maintenance of immune tolerance beginning in early life. These microbes interact with the immune system in a dynamic and interdependent manner. They generate immune signals by presenting a vast repertoire of antigenic determinants and microbial metabolites that influence the development, maturation and maintenance of immunological function and homeostasis. At the same time, both the innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in modulating a stable microbial ecosystem between the commensal and pathogenic microorganisms. Hence, the gut microbial population and the host immune system work together to maintain immune homeostasis synergistically. In susceptible hosts, disruption of such a harmonious state can greatly affect human health and lead to various auto-inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiota and immunity with an emphasis on: a) important players of gut innate and adaptive immunity; b) the contribution of gut microbial metabolites; and c) the effect of disruption of innate and adaptive immunity as well as alteration of gut microbiome on the molecular mechanisms driving autoimmunity in various autoimmune diseases.