Temperature modulates the effects of predation and competition on mosquito larvae
Temperature modulates the effects of predation and competition on mosquito larvae
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DOI：
10.1111/een.12339
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Seebacher, Frank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grigaltchik, Veronica S.;Webb, Cameron;Seebacher, Frank
1.捕食风险通过降低觅食活动和相对竞争能力来影响种间竞争。捕食风险是由捕食者的猎物选择和猎物反应决定的，两者都受温度的影响。温度是特别重要的幼虫猎物，并可能导致捕食者引起的觅食活动和增长之间的权衡。种间竞争也必须与种内密度依赖竞争相联系;较弱的种间竞争导致竞争者共存。本研究探讨了如何温度（15和25摄氏度）可能会影响一个焦点物种，蚊子致倦库蚊幼虫，通过检查猎物的选择在一个共享的捕食者（食蚊鱼; Gambusia holbrooki）和捕食风险的影响种间竞争与Limnodynastes peronii蝌蚪。C.种内密度依赖竞争在这些温度下的quinquefasciatus也进行了检查。25 ℃时，G. holbrooki消费的C. quinquefasciatus和L. peronii增加;然而，种间竞争对蚊子生存的影响并没有随着L. peronii暴露于捕食风险。种内密度依赖竞争与种间竞争的关系具有温度依赖性，以L. peronii在25摄氏度。雄性和雌性蚊子有不同的温度依赖性的反应，表明性别特异性的内在响应饥饿和差异选择压力。在25 ℃时，雌性易受L. peronii，而雄性则易受种内竞争的影响.使用竞争者作为生物控制对蚊子疾病传播有影响，这些结果表明，控制效果可能会受到气候变化的影响。
1. Predation risk affects interspecific competition by decreasing foraging activity and relative competitive ability. Predation risk is determined by predators' prey choice and prey responses, both of which can be influenced by temperature. Temperature is especially important for larval prey and can result in a trade-off between predator-induced decreases in foraging activity and growth. Interspecific competition must also be examined in relation to intraspecific density-dependent competition; weaker interspecific competition leads to coexistence of competitors.2. This study explored how temperature (15 and 25 degrees C) could affect a focal species, larvae of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, by examining prey choice in a shared predator (mosquitofish; Gambusia holbrooki) and the effects of predation risk on interspecific competition with Limnodynastes peronii tadpoles. Intraspecific density-dependent competition in C. quinquefasciatus at these temperatures was also examined.3. At 25 degrees C, G. holbrooki consumption of both C. quinquefasciatus and L. peronii increased; however, the effects of interspecific competition on mosquito survival did not decrease with L. peronii exposure to predation risk. The relationship between intraspecific density-dependent competition and interspecific competition was temperature-dependent, with competitive dominance of L. peronii at 25 degrees C. Male and female mosquitoes had different temperature-dependent responses, indicating sex-specific intrinsic responses to starvation and differential selection pressures. At 25 degrees C, females were susceptible to interspecific competition by L. peronii, while males were susceptible to intraspecific competition.4. The use of competitors as biological controls has implications for mosquito disease transmission, and these results suggest that control effectiveness may be modified by climate change.