Evolution of Depression and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Across Demographic Groups in a Large Sample of U.S. Adults.
Evolution of Depression and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Across Demographic Groups in a Large Sample of U.S. Adults.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.focus.2023.100140
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发表时间：
2023-12
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Stuart, Elizabeth A
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ettman, Catherine K;Badillo-Goicoechea, Elena;Stuart, Elizabeth A
在整个 COVID-19 大流行期间，美国成年人频繁的焦虑感始终高于频繁的抑郁感。 2022 年 4 月至 6 月，美国成年人频繁感到焦虑或抑郁的几率明显低于 2020 年 10 月至 12 月。年龄小、非二元性别和教育程度低与大流行两年后心理健康状况不佳密切相关。本研究旨在记录在 COVID-19 大流行期间，不同年龄、性别、教育和就业群体中抑郁和焦虑情绪的趋势。我们使用通过与 Facebook 合作进行的 COVID-19 趋势和影响调查收集的美国成年人的大型全国性连续横截面样本，研究了 2020 年 4 月至 2022 年 6 月期间抑郁和焦虑情绪的趋势 (N=21,359,165)。随着时间的推移，焦虑和抑郁情绪的差异随着受教育程度的不同而扩大，就业群体之间的差异保持一致，而女性与男性和年龄组之间的差异则缩小。对于总体人群来说，在研究的最后一个季度（2022 年 4 月至 6 月），经常感到焦虑或抑郁的几率明显低于研究的第一季度（2020 年 10 月至 12 月）（p<0.001）。 2022 年 4 月至 6 月，年轻人报告的赔率是 6-7 倍（抑郁的 AOR=6.07；95% CI=5.72, 6.43，焦虑的 AOR=6.69；95% CI=6.33, 7.07），非二元性别的人报告的赔率是 5 倍（抑郁的 AOR=5.35，95% CI=4.89, 5.86，焦虑的 AOR = 5.35, 95% CI = 4.9, 5.85)，具有高中学历的人报告的几率是其 2 倍 (抑郁的 AOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.92, 2.22，焦虑的 AOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.57, 1.8)，没有工作的人报告的几率是 1.3-1.5 倍 (抑郁的 AOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.92, 2.22)。与年龄较大、男性、拥有研究生学位或就业的同行相比，经常感到抑郁和焦虑的抑郁症=1.46，95% CI=1.42、1.51，焦虑的 AOR=1.34，95% CI=1.3, 1.38）。疫情爆发两年后与心理健康状况不佳最相关的风险因素是年轻、非二元性别和教育程度低。
Frequent feelings of anxiety were consistently higher than frequent feelings of depression in U.S. adults throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The odds of frequent feelings of anxiety or depression in U.S. adults were significantly lower in April–June 2022 than in October–December 2020. Young age, nonbinary gender, and low eductional attainment were highly associated with poor mental health 2 years into the pandemic. This study aimed to document the trends of feelings of depression and anxiety over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic within and across age, gender, education, and employment groups. Using a large, national, serial cross-sectional sample of adults in the U.S. collected through the COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey conducted in partnership with Facebook, we examined trends in feelings of depression and anxiety from April 2020 through June 2022 (N=21,359,165). Over time, differences in feelings of anxiety and depression widened for educational attainment, stayed consistent between employment groups, and narrowed for female versus male and age groups. The odds of frequent feelings of anxiety or depression were significantly lower in the studied final quarter (April–June 2022) than in the studied first quarter (October–December 2020) for the overall population (p<0.001). In April–June 2022, younger persons reported 6–7 times the odds (AOR for depression=6.07; 95% CI=5.72, 6.43 and AOR for anxiety=6.69; 95% CI=6.33, 7.07), nonbinary persons reported 5 times the odds (AOR for depression=5.35, 95% CI=4.89, 5.86 and AOR for anxiety=5.35, 95% CI=4.9, 5.85), persons with a high school degree reported 2 times the odds (AOR for depression=2.07, 95% CI=1.92, 2.22 and AOR for anxiety=1.68, 95% CI=1.57, 1.8), and persons who were not employed reported 1.3–1.5 times the odds (AOR for depression=1.46, 95% CI=1.42, 1.51 and AOR for anxiety=1.34, 95% CI=1.3, 1.38) of frequent feelings depression and anxiety, respectively, than counterparts who were older, were male, had graduate degrees, or were employed. The risk factors most highly associated with poor mental health 2 years into the pandemic were young age, nonbinary gender, and low educational attainment.