Morphological characteristics of homozygous wild rice phytoliths and their significance in the study of rice origins
Morphological characteristics of homozygous wild rice phytoliths and their significance in the study of rice origins
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DOI：
10.1007/s11430-021-9835-6
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Xiang-ru Tang;Houyuan Lu;Zhibin Cao;Jinshui Xie
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文献类型：
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作者：
Xiang-ru Tang;Houyuan Lu;Zhibin Cao;Jinshui Xie
野生稻细胞结构、组织器官等形态特征的分析和野生稻鉴定标记的开发是鉴定史前水稻农业起源和演化的基础。然而，现代野生稻品系在进化过程中经常受到人工培育的驯化水稻的基因导入，这可能会影响野生稻鉴定标记的准确性。这意味着如何消除来自驯化水稻和其他植物的基因导入对起源标记鉴定的影响，以及野生稻形态特征的纯化成为水稻起源鉴定研究的关键。本研究比较分析了三种常见野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)从不同的生境和一种异地保存的纯合普通野生稻经过连续六代的自交。结果表明，驯化基因导入减少的纯合子野生稻泡状植硅体的形态与地方野生稻相比有三个显著差异：(1)体长总体缩小(体长从VL纯合的41.9µm降至VL纯合的38.6µm)，(2)长茎表型比例增加，B/A比值由B/A的1.22±0.47降至B/A纯合子的0.92±0.30；(3)鱼鳞纹饰数量减少，含有≥-9鱼鳞纹饰的泡状植硅体比例从天然野生稻的53.4%下降到纯合野生稻的37.2%。因此，本研究为利用水稻植硅体形态鉴定水稻起源提供了可靠的参考。
The analysis of wild rice cell structures, tissues, organs, and other morphological characteristics and the development of identification markers for wild rice are the basis for identifying the origins and evolution of prehistorical rice agriculture. However, contemporary wild rice strains are often subject to gene introgression from domesticated rice cultivated by humans during the evolutionary process, which may affect the accuracy of wild rice identification markers. This means that how to eliminate the effects of gene introgression from domesticated rice and other plants on the identification of origin markers, and the purification of the morphological characteristics of wild rice have become critical in research to identify the origin of rice. In this study, we compared and analysed the phytolith morphologies of three common wild rice species (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) from various habitats and one species of ectopically preserved homozygous common wild rice after six consecutive generations of self-crossing. We found that the morphology of the bulliform phytolith in the homozygous wild rice with reduced domestication gene introgression had three significant differences compared with native wild rice: (1) an overall reduction in size (body length decreased from 41.9 µm in VLnativeto 38.6 µm in VLhomozygous); (2) an increase in the proportion of the long-stalked phenotype, with the ratio of B/A decreasing from 1.22±0.47 in B/Anativeto 0.92±0.30 in B/Ahomozygous; and (3) a decrease in the number of fish-scale decorations, with the proportion of bulliform phytoliths with ≥9 fish-scale decorations reduced from 53.4% in native wild rice to 37.2% in homozygous wild rice. Thus, this study provides a reliable reference for the identification of rice origins using rice phytolith morphology.