[Structure and function of bone cells].
[Structure and function of bone cells].
复制标题
[骨细胞的结构和功能]。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Amizuka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Ozawa;N. Amizuka
骨建模和重塑以及全身钙稳态主要由骨细胞（例如间质来源的成骨细胞、骨细胞和造血来源的破骨细胞）调节。成骨细胞根据其细胞结构和生物学功能可分为前成骨细胞、成熟成骨细胞和骨衬里细胞。前成骨细胞似乎调节成熟成骨细胞和破骨细胞的活动，以及分化为成熟成骨细胞。立方形成熟成骨细胞具有发达的高尔基体和粗面内质网，并能合成I型胶原、骨桥蛋白、骨粘连蛋白和骨钙素等主要骨基质蛋白。与成熟的成骨细胞不同，BLC显示扁平的细胞体和很少的细胞器，因此，表明活性较低。这些成骨细胞通过缝隙连接进行通讯，并相互之间或与骨细胞之间形成连接，从而在骨组织中形成三维细胞网络。相反，骨细胞，嵌入骨基质中的致密细胞类型，通过其众多的细胞质突起在骨基质中提供细胞环境。此外，它们可能参与钙从骨基质向组织液的转运，即“骨细胞性骨溶解”。破骨细胞，多核巨细胞与皱褶的边界和明确的区域，是负责骨吸收，虽然可能是由周围的成骨细胞表型控制。活性破骨细胞分泌H+和蛋白水解酶，如组织蛋白酶和ACEI，通过皱褶边缘向吸收陷窝。这些骨细胞在骨建模和重建中起着重要作用。
Bone modeling and remodeling as well as systemic calcium homeostasis are modulated predominantly by bone cells such as mesencymal-derived osteoblasts and osteocytes and haematopoietic-derived osteoclasts. Osteoblasts are classified into preosteoblasts, mature osteoblasts and bone lining cells (BLC) based on their cell structures and biological functions. Preosteoblasts appear to regulate the activities of mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts as well as to differentiate into mature osteoblasts. Cuboidal mature osteoblasts show well-developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and synthesize actively major bone matrix proteins including type I collagen, osteopontin, osteonectin and osteocalcin. Unlike mature osteoblasts, BLCs display flattened cell bodies and few cell organelle, therefore, indicating less activities. These osteoblasts communicate through gap junctions and adheres junctions with each other or with osteocytes, consequently forming three-dimensional cellular network in the bone tissues. In contrast, osteocytes, compacted cell type embedded in the bone matrix, provide a cellular environment in the bone matrix by means of their numerous cytoplasmic processes. Moreover, it is likely that they participate in calcium transport from bone matrix to tissue fluid, that is "osteocytic osteolysis". Osteoclasts, multinucleated giant cells with ruffled borders and clear zones, are responsible for bone resorption, although probably they are controlled by surrounding osteoblast phenotype. Active osteoclasts secrete H+ and proteolytic enzyme such as cathepsin and ACPase towards resorption pits through ruffled borders. These bone cells play an important role in bone modeling and remodeling.