Evolution of pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours
Evolution of pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours
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病原体和寄生虫回避行为的进化
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2017.0256
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McMullan R (2018)
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sarabian C;Curtis V;McMullan R (2018)
所有自由生活的动物都受到来自寄生虫和病原体的强烈选择压力，导致行为适应，可以帮助潜在的宿主避免成为寄生虫的猎物。这期关于寄生虫回避行为进化的特刊是在2017年皇家学会会议之后编写的。在这里，我们收集了来自广泛学科的贡献，包括遗传学，生态学，寄生虫学，行为科学，生态学，心理学和流行病学对各种物种的疾病回避行为。采取跨学科和跨物种的视角，使我们能够勾勒出避免寄生虫的策略，机制和后果，并确定差距和进一步的问题。避免寄生虫的策略必须包括避免寄生虫本身和它们在同种、异种、食物和栖息地中存在的线索。此外，寄生虫回避行为可以针对构建寄生虫阻滞的生态位。寄生虫回避行为的机制一般不太好的特点，虽然线虫，啮齿动物和人类的研究开始阐明遗传，激素和神经结构，使动物能够识别和应对寄生虫威胁的线索。虽然感染的后果在人类中得到了很好的描述，但我们仍然需要了解其他物种寄生虫的流行病学，以及宿主在寄生虫防御与其他有益投资（如交配和觅食）之间的权衡。最后，在这篇综述中，我们得出结论，用“厌恶”这个词来描述寄生虫回避系统是合理的，就像用“恐惧”来描述动物捕食者回避系统一样。了解不同物种的厌恶感为研究行为的策略、机制和后果提供了一个很好的系统，可能对理解和保护我们星球的生态系统做出至关重要的贡献。本文是西奥·墨菲会议议题“病原体和寄生虫回避行为的进化”的一部分。
All free-living animals are subject to intense selection pressure from parasites and pathogens resulting in behavioural adaptations that can help potential hosts to avoid falling prey to parasites. This special issue on the evolution of parasite avoidance behaviour was compiled following a Royal Society meeting in 2017. Here we have assembled contributions from a wide range of disciplines including genetics, ecology, parasitology, behavioural science, ecology, psychology and epidemiology on the disease avoidance behaviour of a wide range of species. Taking an interdisciplinary and cross-species perspective allows us to sketch out the strategies, mechanisms and consequences of parasite avoidance and to identify gaps and further questions. Parasite avoidance strategies must include avoiding parasites themselves and cues to their presence in conspecifics, heterospecifics, foods and habitat. Further, parasite avoidance behaviour can be directed at constructing parasite-retardant niches. Mechanisms of parasite avoidance behaviour are generally less well characterized, though nematodes, rodents and human studies are beginning to elucidate the genetic, hormonal and neural architecture that allows animals to recognize and respond to cues of parasite threat. While the consequences of infection are well characterized in humans, we still have much to learn about the epidemiology of parasites of other species, as well as the trade-offs that hosts make in parasite defence versus other beneficial investments like mating and foraging. Finally, in this overview we conclude that it is legitimate to use the word‘disgust' to describe parasite avoidance systems, in the same way that ‘fear' is used to describe animal predator avoidance systems. Understanding disgust across species offers an excellent system for investigating the strategies, mechanisms and consequences of behaviour and could be a vital contribution towards the understanding and conservation of our planet's ecosystems.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Evolution of pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours'.