Effects of subchronic inhalation exposure of rats to emissions from a diesel engine burning soybean oil-derived biodiesel fuel
Effects of subchronic inhalation exposure of rats to emissions from a diesel engine burning soybean oil-derived biodiesel fuel
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DOI：
10.1080/08958370290084764
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Howell, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finch, GL;Hobbs, CH;Howell, S
人们对源自植物油或动物脂肪的柴油燃料（“生物柴油”）越来越感兴趣，但除了细菌致突变性之外，关于生物柴油排放物毒性的信息很少。 F344 大鼠通过吸入 6 小时/天、5 天/周、持续 13 周暴露于燃烧 100% 大豆油衍生燃料的柴油机排放物的 3 种稀释液中的一种，或暴露于清洁空气作为对照。全部排放量被稀释至标称氮氧化物浓度 5、25 或 50 ppm，分别相当于约 0.04、0.2 和 0.5 mg 颗粒/m(3)。从生物学角度来看，与暴露相关的影响仅限于肺部，女性的影响大于男性，并且主要在最高暴露水平下观察到。正如重复暴露所预期的那样，肺泡巨噬细胞的数量和巨噬细胞中的颗粒数量呈剂量相关增加，但即使在最高暴露水平下，中性粒细胞也没有反应。停止暴露后 28 天，巨噬细胞反应减弱。在高水平雌性中，组平均肺重量/体重比增加，并且在30只大鼠中的4只中观察到最小的、多灶性的肺泡管细支气管化生。男性的肺重量没有显着增加，并且没有观察到肺泡管的化生。负载颗粒的巨噬细胞的增加是肺部在中低水平时唯一与暴露相关的发现，在低水平时巨噬细胞和每个巨噬细胞的颗粒更少。在暴露组和对照组的一些大鼠中观察到肺泡组织细胞增多症。体重、非肺器官重量、血清化学和大脑中的神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白存在统计学上显着的差异，但差异较小且与暴露相关的不一致。对生存、临床体征、饲料消耗、眼毒性、血液学、神经组织学、骨髓微核、外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换、生育力、生殖毒性或畸形学没有显着的暴露相关影响。这项研究证明了最高暴露水平下的适度不利影响，以及中等水平下重复颗粒暴露的预期生理巨噬细胞反应。
There is increasing interest in diesel fuels derived from plant oils or animal fats ( "biodiesel"), but little information on the toxicity of biodiesel emissions other than bacterial mutagenicity. F344 rats were exposed by inhalation 6 h/day, 5 days/ wk for 13 wk to 1 of 3 dilutions of emissions from a diesel engine burning 100% soybean oil-derived fuel, or to clean air as controls. Whole emissions were diluted to nominal NOx concentrations of 5, 25, or 50 ppm, corresponding to approximately 0.04, 0.2, and 0.5 mg particles/m(3), respectively. Biologically significant, exposure-related effects were limited to the lung, were greater in females than in males, and were observed primarily at the highest exposure level. There was a dose-related increase in the numbers of alveolar macrophages and the numbers of particles in the macrophages, as expected from repeated exposure, but no neutrophil response even at the highest exposure level. The macrophage response was reduced 28 days after cessation of the exposure. Among the high-level females, the group mean lung weight/body weight ratio was increased, and minimal, multifocal bronchiolar metaplasia of alveolar ducts was observed in 4 of 30 rats. Lung weights were not significantly increased, and metaplasia of the alveolar ducts was not observed in males. An increase in particle-laden macrophages was the only exposure-related finding in lungs at the intermediate and low levels, with fewer macrophages and fewer particles per macrophage at the low level. Alveolar histiocytosis was observed in a few rats in both exposed and control groups. There were statistically significant, but minor and not consistently exposure-related, differences in body weight, nonpulmonary organ weights, serum chemistry, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the brain. There were no significant exposure-related effects on survival, clinical signs, feed consumption, ocular toxicity, hematology, neurohistology, micronuclei in bone marrow, sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral blood lymphocytes, fertility, reproductive toxicity, or teratology. This study demonstrated modest adverse effects at the highest exposure level, and none other than the expected physiological macrophage response to repeated particle exposure at the intermediate level.