X chromosome reactivation in reprogramming and in development.
X chromosome reactivation in reprogramming and in development.
复制标题
X 染色体在重编程和发育中重新激活。
DOI：
10.1016/j.ceb.2015.10.006
复制
发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Plath K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pasque V;Plath K
在哺乳动物从幼稚多能状态分化的过程中发生了戏剧性的表观遗传变化，包括通过X染色体失活使雌性细胞中两条X染色体之一沉默。相反，将体细胞重编程为幼稚多能性与X染色体再活化（XCR）偶联。最近在小鼠系统中的研究揭示了XCR的机制，揭示了XCR在重编程为诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）过程中的时间和步骤，允许在胚胎发生过程中产生可检验的假设。相比之下，对人类iPSC中X染色体的分析揭示了小鼠和人类重编程过程之间的重要差异，这可以部分地通过建立不同的多能状态来解释，并影响疾病建模和人类多能干细胞的应用。在这里，我们回顾了最近的文献XCR作为一个读出和决定因素的重编程多能性。
Dramatic epigenetic changes take place during mammalian differentiation from the naïve pluripotent state including the silencing of one of the two X chromosomes in female cells through X chromosome inactivation. Conversely, reprogramming of somatic cells to naive pluripotency is coupled to X chromosome reactivation (XCR). Recent studies in the mouse system have shed light on the mechanisms of XCR by uncovering the timing and steps of XCR during reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), allowing the generation of testable hypotheses during embryogenesis. In contrast, analyses of the X chromosome in human iPSCs have revealed important differences between mouse and human reprogramming processes that can partially be explained by the establishment of distinct pluripotent states and impact disease modeling and the application of human pluripotent stem cells. Here, we review recent literature on XCR as a readout and determinant of reprogramming to pluripotency.