Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in national case fatality rates
Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in national case fatality rates
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DOI：
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105074
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fink, Bernhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manning, John T.;Fink, Bernhard
背景：报告的2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）全国病死率（CFR）显示出男性>女性的性别偏见。食指（2D）和无名指（4D）的相对长度（指数比; 2D：4D）是胎儿性类固醇的性别二态性（男性<女性）代表（低2D：4D表示高产前睾酮/低产前雌激素）。目的：检查每个国家2D：4D与COVID-19 CFR国家值的性别特异性关系。研究设计：COVID-19 CFR和男性死亡百分比与一项大型在线调查（BBC互联网研究）中按性别和手部划分的全国平均（自我报告）2D：4D相关。受试者：103，482名男性和83，366名女性。结果测量：全国平均2D：4D与来自41个国家的CFR和来自16个国家的全国男性死亡率的关系。结果：男性右手和左手2D：4D与CFR呈正相关。这些关系在去除女性2D：4D的影响后仍然显着。一个积极的协会男性的权利和左2D：4D检测与男性deaths.Conclusions的百分比：在国家一级，高平均2D：4D（表明低产前睾酮/高产前雌激素）与高CFRs和男性死亡率百分比。在个体水平上，高2D：4D可能是男性COVID-19严重程度的风险因素。我们推测男性2D：4D与SARS-CoV 2受体（ACE 2）的表达呈负相关。
Background: The reported national case fatality rates (CFRs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a sex bias with males > females. The relative lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) fingers (digit ratio; 2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic (males < females) proxy of fetal sex steroids (low 2D:4D indicates high prenatal testosterone/low prenatal estrogen).Aim: To examine sex-specific relationships of 2D:4D per nation with national values of COVID-19 CFRs. Study design: COVID-19 CFRs and the percent of male deaths were related to mean national (self-reported) 2D:4D by sex and hand from a large online survey (the BBC Internet Study).Subjects: 103,482 men and 83,366 women.Outcome measures: Relationships of mean national 2D:4D with CFRs from 41 countries and with national male death rates from 16 countries.Results: Male right and left hand 2D:4D showed positive relationships with CFR. These relationships remained significant after removing the influence of female 2D:4D. A positive association of male right and left 2D:4D was detected with the percentage of male deaths.Conclusions: At the national level, high mean 2D:4D (indicating low prenatal testosterone/high prenatal estrogen) is associated with high CFRs and percent male mortality. At the individual level, high 2D:4D may be a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 in males. We speculate that male 2D:4D is a negative correlate for expression of the SARS-CoV2 receptor (ACE2).