Domestication affects the structure, development and stability of biobehavioural profiles.
Domestication affects the structure, development and stability of biobehavioural profiles.
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DOI：
10.1186/1742-9994-12-s1-s19
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Sachser N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaiser S;Hennessy MB;Sachser N
驯化是一个进化过程，在此过程中，生物行为特征（包括例如社会和情感行为、认知能力以及荷尔蒙应激反应）被大幅重塑。采用比较的方法，主要集中在家养和野生豚鼠，一个建立的模型系统的驯化研究，我们审查（a）如何野生和家养动物的同一物种在行为，情绪，认知和激素应激反应的差异，（B）在此期间出现生物行为特征差异的生命阶段，以及（c）动物人格是否同时存在于野生和家养的形式中。关于（a），驯化的典型变化包括求爱、社会积极行为和母性行为增加，以及攻击性和关注行为减少。此外，家养动物比野生动物表现出更多的焦虑样和更少的冒险和探索行为，它们表现出明显较低的内分泌应激反应。然而，没有迹象表明，家养动物的认知能力相对于野生动物有所下降。野生动物和家养动物的不同生物行为特征可以被视为对它们所生活的不同环境条件的适应，即，自然栖息地和人工人造住房条件，分别。关于（B），对幼年、青少年和成年野生和家养豚鼠的比较表明，家养豚鼠的典型生物行为特征在生命的早期阶段，即在青春期早期和断奶期间已经存在。因此，国内和野生形式之间的差异可以归因于人工选择导致的遗传改变，并可能在产前和围产期阶段的环境影响。有趣的是，玩耍行为的频率在生活的早期在家养和野生形式之间没有区别，但在以后的年龄中，家养豚鼠的玩耍行为明显更高。关于（c），有一些证据表明，野生动物和家养动物都有个性。然而，随着时间的推移，在哪些行为领域-社会和性行为、情绪、压力反应-是一致的方面可能存在差异。这些差异可能是由于在驯化过程中不断变化的选择压力。
Domestication is an evolutionary process during which the biobehavioural profile (comprising e.g. social and emotional behaviour, cognitive abilities, as well as hormonal stress responses) is substantially reshaped. Using a comparative approach, and focusing mainly on the domestic and wild guinea pig, an established model system for the study of domestication, we review (a) how wild and domestic animals of the same species differ in behaviour, emotion, cognition, and hormonal stress responses, (b) during which phases of life differences in biobehavioural profiles emerge and (c) whether or not animal personalities exist in both the wild and domestic form. Concerning (a), typical changes with domestication include increased courtship, sociopositive and maternal behaviours as well as decreased aggression and attentive behaviour. In addition, domestic animals display more anxiety-like and less risk-taking and exploratory behaviour than the wild form and they show distinctly lower endocrine stress responsiveness. There are no indications, however, that domestic animals have diminished cognitive abilities relative to the wild form. The different biobehavioural profiles of the wild and domestic animals can be regarded as adaptations to the different environmental conditions under which they live, i.e., the natural habitat and artificial man-made housing conditions, respectively. Concerning (b), the comparison of infantile, adolescent and adult wild and domestic guinea pigs shows that the typical biobehavioural profile of the domestic form is already present during early phases of life, that is, during early adolescence and weaning. Thus, differences between the domestic and the wild form can be attributed to genetic alterations resulting from artificial selection, and likely to environmental influences during the pre- and perinatal phase. Interestingly, the frequency of play behaviour does not differ between the domestic and wild form early in life, but is significantly higher in domesticated guinea pigs at later ages. Concerning (c), there is some evidence that personalities occur in both wild and domestic animals. However, there may be differences in which behavioural domains – social and sexual behaviour, emotionality, stress-responsiveness – are consistent over time. These differences are probably due to changing selection pressures during domestication.