Biodegradation of Aliphatic Polyesters
Biodegradation of Aliphatic Polyesters
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DOI：
10.1007/978-94-017-1217-0_5
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Suming Li;M. Vert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Suming Li;M. Vert
合成聚合物大约在六十年前出现，医学界人士立即意识到这种新材料对治疗应用很有意义。例如，在第十一次世界大战期间，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP) 的等渗水溶液被用作血浆扩张剂，尽管这种化合物远非理想，但在替代品出现之前，它已经使用了多年[1]。从那时起，许多聚合物被评估为候选生物材料[2]。然而，只有少数达到临床应用和商业化阶段。根据所需的寿命，聚合物生物材料可分为两大类：即生物稳定性和生物可降解性。生物稳定材料长期以来一直用于永久和有时限的应用。然而，人们逐渐认识到可生物降解系统对于外科手术、药理学和组织工程中的临时治疗应用可能具有很大的意义。第一种可生物降解的合成聚合物是聚乙醇酸。当这种聚合物于 1954 年发明时 [3]，由于其热稳定性和水解稳定性较差，无法用作常规塑料材料，因此被废弃。二十年后，它成为第一种与天然聚合物无关的可生物降解缝合材料[4-5]。从那时起，人们对许多其他合成聚合物进行了研究，目前在文献中被称为可生物降解、可生物吸收、可生物再吸收和可生物侵蚀。所有这些术语都可以用来限定降解特性或
Synthetic polymers appeared about sixty years ago and immediately medical people realized that this new dass of materials was of interest for therapeutic applications. For example, isotonic aqueous solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were used as plasma expander during World War 11 and although this compound was far from ideal, it stayed in use for years before substitutes appeared [1]. Since then, many polymers have been evaluated as candidate biomaterials [2]. However, only a number of them have reached the stage of clinical applications and commercial availability. Polymerie biomaterials can be divided in two main dasses according to desired lifetimes: namely biostable and biodegradable. Biostable materials have been used for a long time for both permanent and time-lirnited applications. Nevertheless, it was gradually realized that biodegradable systems could be of great interest for temporary therapeutic applications in surgery, in pharmacology and in tissue engineering. The first biodegradable synthetic polymer was poly (glycolic acid). When invented in 1954 [3], this polymer was discarded because of its poor thermal and hydrolytic stabilities which did not allow it to be used as a regular plastic material. Two decades later it became the first biodegradable suture material not related to natural polymers [4-5]. Since then, a number of other synthetic polymers have been investigated and are currently referred to as biodegradable, bioabsorbable, bioresorbable and bioerodible in the literature. All these terms could have been used to qualify differences in degradation characteristics or