Human natural killer cell receptors and signal transduction.
Human natural killer cell receptors and signal transduction.
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DOI：
10.3109/08830180109054413
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发表时间：
2001-06-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Colonna, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, K S;Colonna, M
自然杀伤(NK)细胞表达多种受体，这些受体不断地与细胞表面的配体结合。直到1995年，这些受体中只有一小部分被鉴定，NK细胞激活的分子基础还不清楚。近年来，对人NK细胞受体谱系的研究取得了很大进展。激活受体和抑制性受体都可以传递正负信号来调节NK细胞的细胞毒作用和细胞因子释放反应。在这种信号平衡中，抑制性受体通常占主导地位。然而，某些缺乏主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)I类分子的肿瘤细胞和病毒感染细胞可以迅速激活NK细胞。这种激活的基础是正常情况下由MHC-I类结合抑制受体传递的负信号的丢失，以及相应的激活受体信号的控制。虽然最近描述的一些受体的配基特异性仍然是一个谜，但它们的信号转导特性已经开始被确定。这些受体之间的动态串扰最终控制着NK细胞的激活状态。尽管人们对NK细胞信号传递的复杂性还知之甚少，但通过描述不同途径在NK细胞反应中的作用，已经确定了几个总体主题。
Natural killer (NK) cells express numerous receptors, which continually engage with ligands on cell surfaces. Until 1995, only a handful of these receptors were characterized and the molecular basis of NK cell activation was obscure. Recently, considerable advances have been made in characterizing the receptor repertoire on human NK cells. Both activating and inhibitory receptors can transduce positive or negative signals to regulate NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine release responses. The inhibitory receptors normally predominate in this balance of signals. Certain tumor cells and virally infected cells that lack major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, however, can rapidly trigger NK cell activation. The basis of this activation is the loss of negative signals that are normally transmitted by MHC class I-binding inhibitory receptors, and the corresponding domination of activating receptor signals. While ligand specificity for a number of the recently described receptors is still a mystery, their signal transduction properties have begun to be defined. The dynamic crosstalk between these receptors ultimately governs the NK cell activation state. Although the complexities of NK cell signalling are only marginally understood, several overall themes have been defined by characterizing the roles of distinct pathways during NK cell responses.