Extracellular matrix of the developing ovarian follicle
Extracellular matrix of the developing ovarian follicle
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DOI：
10.1055/s-2006-948549
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Rodgers, Raymond J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Irving-Rodgers, Helen F.;Rodgers, Raymond J.
在不同的卵泡隔室中有许多不同类型的细胞外基质。它们在卵泡发育和闭锁中具有不同的作用，并且在这些过程中它们的组成发生变化。这篇评论侧重于特别是基底层基质，并认为卵泡液，新发现的focimatrix，和卵泡膜基质。当卵泡开始生长时，卵泡基底层的组成发生变化，从包含IV型胶原的所有六条α链变为仅包含α 1和α 2。串珠素和巢蛋白-1和-2随后成为滤泡基底层的组分，并且至少在牛中层粘连蛋白链α 1、β 2和γ 1的量增加。在卵泡发育后期和闭锁时，一些卵泡含有层粘连蛋白α 2。闭锁时卵泡基底层不像排卵时那样退化，但当卵泡基底层没有被颗粒细胞排列时，卵泡基底层可以被来自卵泡膜层的细胞破坏。一种新型的基底层样基质，称为focimatrix（缩写为局灶性上皮内基质），在颗粒膜细胞之间形成基底层物质的聚集体。它不包裹细胞，因此不能执行目前所理解的基底层功能。据推测，focimatrix协助或启动去极化的颗粒膜必要的转化为黄体细胞。卵泡液中最大的促炎活性分子是透明质酸和硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖，包括多功能蛋白聚糖和α间胰蛋白酶抑制剂。有人认为，这些可能是通过在卵泡壁上产生渗透梯度而形成卵泡液的原因。卵泡的形成、发育、排卵或退化需要相当多的组织重塑、细胞复制和特化。研究人员的期望是，细胞外基质将密切参与许多这些过程。许多研究集中在确定细胞外基质的成分和相关的发育变化。本文综述了与卵泡发育相关的细胞外基质成分，包括基底膜、卵泡基质、卵泡液和卵泡膜层基质。
There are many different types of extracellular matrices in the different follicle compartments. These have different roles in follicle development and atresia, and they change in composition during these processes. This review focuses on basal lamina matrix in particular, and considers follicular fluid, the newly identified focimatrix, and thecal matrices. When follicles commence growing, the follicular basal lamina changes in its composition from containing all six alpha chains of type IV collagen to only alpha 1 and alpha 2. Perlecan and nidogen-1 and -2 subsequently become components of the follicular basal lamina, and there is an increase in the amount of laminin chains alpha 1, beta 2, and gamma 1, in the bovine at least. Late in follicular development and on atresia some follicles contain laminin alpha 2. On atresia the follicular basal lamina is not degraded, as occurs in ovulation, but can be breached by cells from the thecal layer when it is not aligned by granulosa cells. A novel type of basal lamina-like matrix, called focimatrix (abbreviated from focal intraepithelial matrix), develops between the cells of the membrana granulosa as aggregates of basal lamina material. It does not envelop cells and so cannot perform functions of basal lamina as currently understood. It is hypothesized that focimatrix assists or initiates depolarization of the membrana granulosa necessary for the transformation into luteal cells. The largest osmotically active molecules in follicular fluid are hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, including versican and inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor. It has been suggested that these might be responsible for the formation of follicular fluid by creating an osmotic gradient across the follicular wall. The formation, development, and then either ovulation or regression of follicles requires considerable tissue remodeling, cellular replication, and specialization. The expectation of researchers is that extracellular matrix win be intimately involved in many of these processes. Much research has focused in identifying the components of extracellular matrix and associated developmental changes. We review the components of extracellular matrix associated with follicular development, including the basal lamina, focimatrix, follicular fluid, and matrix of the thecal layers.