Poxvirus tropism.
Poxvirus tropism.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrmicro1099
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发表时间：
2005-03
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影响因子：
--
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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尽管25年前世卫组织领导的根除天花规划取得了成功，但人们仍然相当担心天花病毒或猴痘等其他相关致病性痘病毒可能再次出现并在人群中传播疾病。即使在今天，我们仍然不知道为什么大多数脊椎动物宿主的痘病毒感染表现出严格的物种特异性，或者当痘病毒偶尔跳到新的宿主物种时，人畜共患的痘病毒感染是如何发生的。痘病毒在细胞水平上的趋向性似乎是由病毒结合和进入下游的细胞内事件调节的，而不是像许多其他病毒那样在特定宿主受体水平上调节。本文综述了我们目前对痘病毒的嗜性和宿主范围的认识，并讨论了利用宿主限制性痘病毒载体用于疫苗、基因治疗或组织靶向溶瘤病毒治疗人类癌症的前景。痘病毒宿主范围变化明显？有些病毒，如天花病毒和传染性软疣病毒（两者都是人类特有的），表现出严格的物种趋向性，而其他病毒，如牛痘病毒，能够感染多种宿主物种。脊索虫病毒八属中有四属的成员可人畜共患感染人类。例如，猴痘病毒可在人类中引起严重的类似天花的疾病，临床上类似于天花病毒。许多痘病毒在致病方面所表现出的物种趋向性，往往与可被这些病毒感染的培养细胞的范围大不相同。对于痘病毒感染，特异性宿主细胞受体不能介导受纳细胞与非受纳细胞之间的区别。相反，限制性宿主细胞不能在结合和进入的下游点支持感染痘病毒的完整复制周期。已经确定了多种痘病毒宿主范围基因，这些基因有助于控制培养的哺乳动物细胞的受纳和非受纳感染。这些宿主范围基因的基因产物调节病毒完成其细胞质复制周期的能力。开发宿主限制性疫苗，如改良安卡拉牛痘（MVA），这种疫苗不会在人体中复制，但保留了有效的免疫原性，将为重组疫苗提供更安全的平台。另一项进展是基于痘病毒的溶瘤载体的发展，这种载体在人类肿瘤细胞中优先复制。
Despite the success of the WHO-led smallpox eradication programme a quarter of a century ago, there remains considerable fear that variola virus, or other related pathogenic poxviruses such as monkeypox, could re-emerge and spread disease in the human population. Even today, we are still mostly ignorant about why most poxvirus infections of vertebrate hosts show strict species specificity, or how zoonotic poxvirus infections occur when poxviruses occasionally leap into novel host species. Poxvirus tropism at the cellular level seems to be regulated by intracellular events downstream of virus binding and entry, rather than at the level of specific host receptors as is the case for many other viruses. This review summarizes our current understanding of poxvirus tropism and host range, and discusses the prospects of exploiting host-restricted poxvirus vectors for vaccines, gene therapy or tissue-targeted oncolytic viral therapies for the treatment of human cancers. Poxvirus host range varies markedly ? some viruses, such as variola and molluscum contagiosum virus (both of which are human-specific), exhibit strict species tropism, whereas others such as cowpox virus are able to infect multiple host species. Members of four of the eight genera of chordopoxviruses can zoonotically infect man. For example, monkeypox virus can cause severe smallpox-like disease in humans that clinically resembles variola virus. The species tropism that is exhibited by many poxviruses in terms of causing disease is frequently quite different from the range of cultured cells that can be infected by these viruses. Specific host-cell receptors do not mediate the distinction between cells that are permissive as opposed to non-permissive for poxvirus infection. Rather, restrictive host cells fail to support the full replication cycle of the infecting poxvirus at a point downstream of binding and entry. A variety of poxviral host-range genes have been identified that contribute to the control of permissive versus non-permissive infection of cultured mammalian cells. The gene products of these host-range genes regulate the ability of the virus to complete its cytoplasmic replication cycle. The development of host-restricted vaccines, like modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), that do not replicate in humans but that retain potent immunogenicity, will provide safer platforms for recombinant vaccines. Another advance has been the development of poxvirus-based oncolytic vectors that replicate preferentially in human tumour cells.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
BLASCO, R;SISLER, JR;MOSS, B
通讯作者：
MOSS, B
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Andrade, AA;Silva, PNG;Bonjardim, CA
通讯作者：
Bonjardim, CA
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1233578100
发表时间：
2003-08-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Belyakov, IM;Earl, P;Berzofsky, JA
通讯作者：
Berzofsky, JA
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
ALI, AN;TURNER, PC;MOYER, RW
通讯作者：
MOYER, RW
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Blanchard, TJ;Alcamí, A;Smith, GL
通讯作者：
Smith, GL