General Precambrian Geology in China
General Precambrian Geology in China
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-47885-1_1
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Zhai;Yanyan Zhou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Zhai;Yanyan Zhou
地球有一个进化的历史。4.6很老了。前寒武纪大陆自早前寒武纪以来经历了复杂的地质演化过程，至少记录了三次重要的构造事件，即新太古代地壳大规模增长、板块构造体制向板块构造体制的转换和古元古代大氧事件（GOE）。毫无疑问，前寒武纪地质是认识大陆地质的关键问题。中国前寒武纪岩石分布广泛，不仅分布在克拉通中，而且分布在显生宙造山带中。中国大陆由多个造山带及其周围的中生代造山带（褶皱带）组成。中国主要古陆包括华北陆块、华南陆块和塔里木陆块，它们都有各自的构造演化历史。华北陆块经历了早前寒武纪以来复杂的地质演化过程，从古陆核、巨型地壳生长幕、陆壳稳定化，到古元古代裂陷-俯冲-增生-碰撞并留下古陆造山带的印记，再到古元古代晚期-新元古代多期裂陷作用，反映了华北地台的构造特征。TRB具有早前寒武纪变质杂岩和新元古代沉积序列的双层基底。据报道，有三张钞票。华南板块由扬子地块（YZB）和华夏地块（CTB）组成，它们在新元古代相互胶结。YZB记录了早前寒武纪地壳生长、1.0-0.9和0.8-0.6 Ga变质-岩浆事件和两次新元古代冰川作用的构造过程。CTB由CA组成。1.8、1.0-0.9 Ga和约. 0.8 Ga花岗质片麻岩和变质岩，表明存在一个广阔的前寒武纪基底。新元古代沉积岩部分上覆于基底之上。YZB和CTB具有新元古代均匀覆盖层，说明SCB至少应形成于1.0- 0.9Ga。南华裂谷系是在华南造山带中发育起来的。0.8-0.7 Ga，这可能代表了一次全球性事件，表明罗迪尼亚超大陆的解体。中国中部造山系高压-超高压变质岩支持上述三个古陆在盘古造山期碰撞组合成统一的中国大陆的观点。
The Earth has an evolving history ca. 4.6 Ga old. Precambrian continents experienced complex geological evolution since the Early Precambrian onward and carry important records of the secular changes in tectonics and metallogeny, including, at least, three important tectonic events that are Neoarchean enormous crustal growth, tectonic regime inversion from pre-plate tectonics to plate tectonics, and Paleoproterozoic great oxygen event (GOE). Without question, Precambrian geology is a key issue to understand continental geology. Precambrian rocks are extensively distributed in China, not only in cratons, but also in Phanerozoic orogenic belts. The Chinese continent consists of several cratons and surrounding Phanerozoic orogenic belts (folded belts). The main old lands in China include the North China Block (NCB), South China Block (SCB), and Tarim Block (TRB), all of which have individual tectonic evolving histories. The NCB experienced complex geological evolution since the Early Precambrian onward and carries important records from the old continental nuclei, giant crustal growth episode, and cratonization (stabilization), then to the Paleoproterozoic rifting–subduction–accretion–collision with imprints of the GOE, and to the Late Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic multistage rifting representing North China platform tectonic features. The TRB has two-layer basement of the Early Precambrian metamorphic complexes and Neoproterozoic sedimentary sequences. Three till sheets have been reported. The SCB consists of the Yangtze Block (YZB) and Cathaysia Block (CTB) that were cohered in the Neoproterozoic. The YZB recorded tectonic processes of the Early Precambrian crustal growth, 1.0–0.9 and 0.8–0.6 Ga metamorphic–magmatic events, and two Neoproterozoic glaciations. The CTB consists of ca. 1.8, 1.0–0.9 Ga, and ca. 0.8 Ga granitic gneisses and metamorphic rocks, indicating there was a vast Precambrian basement. The Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks overlie partly on the basement. That the YZB and CTB have a Neoproterozoic uniform cover layer illustrates the SCB should form, at least, during 1.0–0.9 Ga. The Nanhua Rift System developed in the SCB in ca. 0.8–0.7 Ga, which probably represented a global event indicating breakup of the Rodinia Supercontinent. The Central Chinese Orogenic System with high-ultra-high-pressure metamorphic rocks supports a suggestion that the above-mentioned three old lands were collided to assemble a unified Chinese continent during the Pangea orogenic period.