The new era of vaccines: the "nanovaccinology"
The new era of vaccines: the "nanovaccinology"
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DOI：
10.26355/eurrev_201908_18763
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Di Pietro, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Facciola, A.;Visalli, G.;Di Pietro, A.
接种疫苗是预防传染病最有效的方法，也是医学上最相关的成功之一。疫苗的开发是不断发展的；因此，候选疫苗的数量正在逐步增加，然而，大多数新的潜在疫苗的特点是免疫原性较低，无法激发强大和持久的免疫反应。因此。为了获得现代有效的疫苗，我们需要佐剂和创新的递送系统来提高它们的免疫原性。在疫苗学中使用纳米技术提供了对比这些困难和开发有效疫苗的机会。特别是，纳米颗粒作为疫苗成分的载体，能够增加宿主的免疫反应，而且由于它们的大小，纳米颗粒能够增加宿主的免疫反应。才能到达特定的手机区域。到目前为止，一定数量的纳米疫苗已被批准用于人类健康，其中许多正在进行临床研究&或临床前试验。有几种类型的纳米颗粒被认为是可能传递疫苗抗原的。这些基于纳米颗粒的合成递送系统的尺寸范围为20-200 nm，可以保护抗原不被降解，增强其呈递能力，并促进专业抗原递呈细胞对其的摄取。病毒样颗粒、自组装蛋白质、胶束、脂质体、无机纳米颗粒和聚合物是这些体系中研究最多的。在这篇综述中。我们提供了不同类型的概述，合成方法，表征。纳米粒子的性质及其在疫苗生产中的应用。
Vaccinations are the most effective preventive methods against infectious diseases and represent one of the most relevant successes of medicine. Vaccine development is constantly evolving; therefore, the number of vaccine candidates is progressively increasing, However, most of new potential vaccines are characterized by a lower immunogenicity, with the inability to stimulate powerful and long-lasting immune responses. Hence. to get modern and effective vaccines, we need of adjuvants and innovative delivery systems that increase their immunogenicity. The use of nanotechnology in vaccinology is providing the opportunity to contrast these difficulties and develop effective vaccines. Particularly, nanoparticles used as vehicles of vaccine components, are able to increase the host's immune responses and, due to their size. to reach specific cellular districts. To date, a certain number of nano-vaccines has been approved for human health and many are studied in clinic& or pre-clinical trials. There are several types of nanoparticles considered as possible delivers of vaccine antigens. These nanoparticles-based synthetic delivery systems, in the size range of 20-200 nm, protect antigen from degradation, enhance its presentation and facilitate its uptake by professional antigen presenting cells. Virus-like particles, self-assembled proteins, micelles, liposomes, inorganic nanoparticles, and polymers are the most studied of these systems. In this review. we provide a general overview of different types, methods of synthesis, characterizations. properties and applications of nanoparticles in vaccine production.