Epidemiology of betel quid usage.
Epidemiology of betel quid usage.
复制标题
槟榔使用的流行病学。
DOI：
10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v33n4p31s
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Ray
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Gupta;C. Ray
嚼槟榔是亚洲许多国家以及非洲、欧洲和北美移民社区的一种古老习俗。它在许多社会中得到完全的社会接受，在妇女中也很受欢迎。最基本的形式，槟榔由槟榔叶（Piper betel），槟榔（主要的精神活性成分）和熟石灰（氢氧化钙）组成。槟榔据说是世界上第四大最常用的精神活性物质，仅次于咖啡因、尼古丁和酒精。在不同的国家，制作槟榔块的原料和方法多种多样。在一些国家，特别是印度，烟草被添加到英镑中。近年来，商业化生产的不含槟榔叶的不易腐烂的槟榔块（pan masala或槟榔块混合物和gutka）已经上市。在短短的20年内，这个行业的价值已经上升到数亿美元。使用任何形式的槟榔对口腔健康都不安全;使用商业化生产的形式似乎更危险。
Betel quid chewing is an ancient practice common in many countries of Asia and among migrated communities in Africa, Europe and North America. It enjoys complete social acceptance in many societies and is also popular among women. In its most basic form, betel quid consists of betel leaf (Piper betel), areca nut, the main psychoactive ingredient, and slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). Areca nut is said to be the fourth most commonly used psychoactive substance in the world, after caffeine, nicotine and alcohol. There are a great variety of ingredients and ways of preparing betel quid in different countries. In some, particularly in India, tobacco is added to the quid. In recent years, commercially-manufactured non-perishable forms of betel quid (pan masala or betel quid mixtures and gutka), not containing betel leaf, have been marketed. Within a short period of about 2 decades, this industry has risen in value to several hundred US million dollars. Use of areca nut in any form is not safe for oral health; the use of commercially manufactured forms seems even riskier.