Deformation of Okamoto-Painleve’ pairs and Painleve

Deformation of Okamoto-Painleve’ pairs and Painleve
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Okamoto-Painleve’ 对和 Painleve 的变形

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发表时间:
2009
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通讯作者:
T. Takebe
T. Takebe
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作者:
T. Takebe

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在本文中,我们通过推广 Painlevé 方程初始条件空间的概念,引入广义有理 Okamoto-Painlevé 对 (S, Y ) 的概念。对这些对进行分类后,我们将建立一种代数几何方法,通过使用局部上同调群从 Okamoto-Painlevé 对的变形中导出 Painlevé 微分方程。此外,利用 S − Y 上的全纯辛结构阐明了 Painlevé 方程可以写成哈密顿系统的原因。 Ẽ7(= PII) 和 D̃8(= P D̃8 III ) 类型的 Okamoto-Painlevé 对的哈密顿结构作为我们理论的示例进行了明确计算。 0. 引言 在 Painlevé 方程的研究中,K. Okamoto 引入的初始条件空间 [O1]、[O2]、[O3] 一直发挥着至关重要的作用。已知每个 Painlevé 微分方程等价于哈密顿系统之一,其哈密顿量由两个变量 (x, y) 的多项式给出。 (参见第 7 节中的表 7 和 8)。空间 (x, y) ε C 可以被紧化,得到一对复射影面 S (S, Y ) 和一个反正则约数 Y ε | −KS |使得 S − Yred 成为初始条件空间。在[O1]、[MMT]中对初始条件空间的研究中,很明显,在通过放大消除Painlevé微分方程的奇点后,边界除数Y应该具有与Kodaira [Kod]分类的退化椭圆曲线列表中相同的配置。该条件可以转化为以下条件。令 Y = Σr i=1 miYi ∈ | −KS|是不可约分解。那么 Y 被称为规范类型当且仅当对于所有 i deg(−KS)|Yi = deg Y|Yi = Y · Yi = 0。在 [Sa-Tak] 中,如果 S − Yred 包含 C 2 作为 Zariski 开集且 F = S − C 是正规交叉除数,则我们将这样的对 (S, Y ) 称为 Okamoto–Painlevé 对。人们可以验证已知 Painlevé 方程初始条件空间的所有紧致化都满足这些条件(参见 [O1],[MMT])。因此,在这种表示法中,以前对Painlevé方程的研究日期:2000年6月4日。1991年数学学科分类。 14D15、34M55、32G10、14J26。
In this paper, we introduce the notion of generalized rational Okamoto–Painlevé pair (S, Y ) by generalizing the notion of the spaces of initial conditions of Painlevé equations. After classifying those pairs, we will establish an algebro-geometric approach to derive the Painlevé differential equations from the deformation of Okamoto–Painlevé pairs by using the local cohomology groups. Moreover the reason why the Painlevé equations can be written in Hamiltonian systems is clarified by means of the holomorphic symplectic structure on S − Y . Hamiltonian structures for Okamoto–Painlevé pairs of type Ẽ7(= PII) and D̃8(= P D̃8 III ) are calculated explicitly as examples of our theory. 0. Introduction In the study of Painlevé equations, the spaces of initial conditions introduced by K. Okamoto [O1], [O2], [O3] have been playing essential roles. It is known that each Painlevé differential equation is equivalent to one of Hamiltonian systems whose Hamiltonians are given by the polynomials in two variables (x, y). (See Table 7 and 8 in §7). The space (x, y) ∈ C can be compactified and one can obtain a pair (S, Y ) of complex projective surface S and an anti-canonical divisor Y ∈ | −KS | such that S − Yred becomes a space of initial conditions. In the study of the space of initial conditions as in [O1], [MMT], it became clear that after eliminating the singularities of Painlevé differential equation by blowings-up, the boundary divisor Y should have the same configuration as in the list of degenerate elliptic curves classified by Kodaira [Kod]. This condition can be translated into the following conditions. Let Y = ∑r i=1 miYi ∈ | −KS| be the irreducible decomposition. Then Y is called of canonical type if and only if deg(−KS)|Yi = deg Y|Yi = Y · Yi = 0 for all i. In [Sa-Tak], we call such a pair (S, Y ) an Okamoto–Painlevé pair if S − Yred contains C 2 as a Zariski open set and F = S − C is a normal crossing divisor. One can verify that all compactifications of the spaces of initial conditions of known Painlevé equations satisfy these conditions (cf. [O1], [MMT]). Therefore, in this notation, the former studies of Painlevé equations Date: June, 4, 2000. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 14D15, 34M55, 32G10, 14J26.
DOI: 10.1007/s002200100446
发表时间: 2001-06
影响因子: 2.4
作者:
H. Sakai
通讯作者: H. Sakai
DOI: --
发表时间: 2019
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
Kagawa;K. and Otani;M.;中本敦浩;Takao Suzuki
通讯作者: Takao Suzuki