Mitigating effect of organic matter on the in vivo toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in the marine environment
Mitigating effect of organic matter on the in vivo toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in the marine environment
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DOI：
10.1039/c8en00175h
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发表时间：
2018-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Seta Noventa;D. Rowe;T. Galloway
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Seta Noventa;D. Rowe;T. Galloway
海水的主要成分，即离子和天然有机物（NOM），可以影响纳米颗粒（NP）在水生系统中的环境和毒理学行为。通过吸附-连接-反应到NP表面活性位点，它们可以改变NP表面结构和整体物理化学性质。本研究探讨了在人工海水条件下的ZnO和MnO 2纳米颗粒的命运和体内毒性。这两种纳米材料分别是通过溶解和带隙机制引起伤害的金属氧化物纳米颗粒的代表。为了全面了解整体毒理学结果，我们追踪了测试系统中NP的行为（即聚集、沉降、溶解、吸附）、它们在模式生物中的命运（即牡蛎幼虫的摄入和细胞内化）以及毒理学途径（即氧化应激）的诱导直至发病。我们发现，氧化锌纳米颗粒诱导伤害牡蛎幼虫在海水条件下，但NOM减轻其强度。相比之下，MnO 2 NPs在测试浓度（高达200 μM）下没有毒性，并且它们的毒理学停滞不会因有机物质的存在而改变。我们建议，在MnO 2 NP表面上的强离子吸附阻止氧化还原活性位点，从而防止其带隙模式的行动。
Major constituents of seawater, i.e. ions and natural organic matter (NOM), can influence the environmental and toxicological behaviour of nanoparticles (NPs) in aquatic systems. By adsorbing–ligating–reacting to NP surface reactive sites, they can modify the NP surface structure and overall physico-chemical proprieties. This study explored the fate and in vivo toxicity of ZnO and MnO2 NPs under artificial seawater conditions. These two nanomaterials are representative of metal oxide NPs inducing harm via dissolution and bandgap mechanisms, respectively. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the overall toxicological outcome, we traced the behaviour of NPs in the test systems (i.e. aggregation, sedimentation, dissolution, sorption), their fate in the model organism (i.e. ingestion and cellular internalization by oyster larvae), and the induction of a toxicological pathway (i.e. oxidative stress) up to pathogenesis. We found that ZnO NPs induced harm to oyster larvae under seawater conditions, but NOM mitigated its intensity. In contrast, MnO2 NPs were not toxic at the tested concentrations (up to 200 μM), and their toxicological stasis was not modified by the presence of organic matter. We propose that strong ion sorption on the MnO2 NP surface blocked redox-active sites thus preventing their bandgap mode of action.