Corridors for aliens but not for natives: effects of marine urban sprawl at a regional scale
Corridors for aliens but not for natives: effects of marine urban sprawl at a regional scale
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DOI：
10.1111/ddi.12301
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Rius, Marc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Airoldi, Laura;Turon, Xavier;Rius, Marc
目的全球海洋硬基础设施(如防波堤、海堤和码头)的蔓延可以广泛地改变沿海海景，但对这种影响的了解仍然局限于当地规模。在北亚得里亚海500公里的海岸线上，考察了海洋人工生境对海鞘生物群落的分布和丰度的影响。结果自然生境与人工生境之间以及不同类型的人工生境之间，海鞘生物群落的分布和丰度存在显著差异。在沿沉积海岸线建造的基础设施上，非土著物种的数量是天然岩礁或靠近岩石海岸线的基础设施的2-3倍。相反，天然珊瑚礁上的本土物种数量是附近基础设施上的两倍，而在沿沉积海岸建造的基础设施上，本土物种几乎是稀有的。人工生境群落的物种组成更接近于码头，而不是自然礁石，与其位置无关。主要结论表明，沙质海岸的海洋基础设施不成比例地偏爱非土著物种而不是本地硬底物种，这影响了它们在区域尺度上的传播。对于自然密度较低的岩礁栖息地的沿海地区来说，这尤其令人担忧。我们讨论了各种设计和管理办法，以提高海洋基础设施作为栖息地的质量，并鼓励土著物种优先使用它们而非土著物种。
Aim The global sprawl of marine hard infrastructure (e.g. breakwaters, sea walls and jetties) can extensively modify coastal seascapes, but the knowledge of such impacts remains limited to local scales. We examined the regional-scale effects of marine artificial habitats on the distribution and abundance of assemblages of ascidians, a key group of ecosystem engineer species in benthic fouling systems.Location Five hundred kilometers of coastline in the North Adriatic Sea.Methods We sampled a variety of natural reefs, marine infrastructures and marinas, and tested hypotheses about the role of habitat type and location in influencing the relative distribution and abundance of both native and non-indigenous species.Results Assemblages differed significantly between natural and artificial habitats and among different types of artificial habitats. Non-indigenous species were 2-3 times more abundant on infrastructures built along sedimentary coastlines than on natural rocky reefs or infrastructures built close to rocky coastlines. Conversely, native species were twice as abundant on natural reefs than on nearby infrastructures and were scarce to virtually absent on infrastructures built along sedimentary coasts. The species composition of assemblages in artificial habitats was more similar to that of marinas than of natural reefs, independently of their location.Main conclusions Our results show that marine infrastructures along sandy shores disproportionally favour non-indigenous over native hard bottom species, affecting their spread at regional scales. This is particularly concerning for coastal areas that have low natural densities of rocky reef habitats. We discuss design and management options to improve the quality as habitat of marine infrastructures and to favour their preferential use by native species over non-indigenous ones.