Hierarchical classifications of the sedimentary architecture of deep-marine depositional systems
Hierarchical classifications of the sedimentary architecture of deep-marine depositional systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.016
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
12.1
通讯作者：
McCaffrey, William D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cullis, Sophie;Colombera, Luca;McCaffrey, William D.
在碎屑深海沉积地质学领域，采用了层次分类法，对保存下来的深海沉积物的沉积结构和与成因有关的现代地貌进行时空排序。虽然这种分类的目的是简化复杂系统的描述，但已开发的各种方法限制了协调和比较不同来源的深海结构数据的容易程度。这项工作系统地回顾和比较了最重要的出版的分层方案的选择深海沉积结构的描述。本报告详细介绍了每项计划，概述了其目标、环境背景和数据收集方法，以及用于从观测角度（例如，经由相关联、几何形状、比例和边界面关系）以及基于解释理由（例如，沉积过程和亚环境）。每个计划的应用程序中的不一致和陷阱也被认为是本次审查的直接目标是帮助沉积学家在他们的尝试，适用于分层分类，无论是在最初开发的分类和替代设置的上下文中。另一个目标是评估各种计划之间的相似性和差异性的原因，这些相似性和差异性可能产生于不同的目标、利益范围或环境重点（例如，通道化或叶状单元，或两者）。通常构成分层分类基础的方法之间存在相似之处。等级主要是根据常见类型的观察建立的，特别是与矿床的岩性和几何形状有关的观察，并结合边界面特征和关系的分析。这些因素通常被认为是平行的过程或沉积（子）环境方面与其相关的遗传解释。审查的最后一个目标是评估是否可以制定一个描述深海沉积结构的通用标准。尽管分类方法之间存在着共性，但在目前的知识水平下，似乎不可能有把握地调和不同的分层分类方案。
Hierarchical classifications are used in the field of clastic deep-marine sedimentary geology to assign spatial and temporal order to the sedimentary architecture of preserved deep-marine deposits and to genetically related modern landforms. Although such classifications aim to simplify the description of complex systems, the wide range of developed approaches limits the ease with which deep-marine architectural data derived from different sources can be reconciled and compared. This work systematically reviews and compares a selection of the most significant published hierarchical schemes for the description of deep-marine sedimentary architecture. A detailed account of each scheme is provided, outlining its aims, environmental contexts and methods of data collection, together with the diagnostic criteria used to discern each hierarchical order from observational standpoints (e.g., via facies associations, geometry, scale and bounding-surface relationships) and also on interpretational grounds (e.g., processes and sub-environments of deposition). The inconsistencies and pitfalls in the application of each scheme are also considered.The immediate goal of this review is to assist sedimentologists in their attempts to apply hierarchical classifications, both in the contexts in which the classifications were originally developed and in alternative settings. An additional goal is to assess the causes of similarities and differences between schemes, which may arise, for example, in relation to their different aims, scales of interest or environmental focus (e.g., channelized or lobate units, or both). Similarities are found between the approaches that commonly underlie the hierarchical classifications. Hierarchies are largely erected on the basis of common types of observations, in particular relating to the lithology and geometries of deposits, in association with analysis of bounding-surface characteristics and relationships. These factors are commonly considered in parallel with their associated genetic interpretations in terms of processes or (sub-) environments of deposition. A final goal of the review is to assess whether a universal standard for the description of deep-marine sedimentary architecture can be devised. Despite the commonalities that exist between classification approaches, a confident reconciliation of the different hierarchical classification schemes does not appear to be achievable in the current state of knowledge.