Socioeconomic status and social support following illicit drug use: Causal pathways or common liability?
Socioeconomic status and social support following illicit drug use: Causal pathways or common liability?
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DOI：
10.1375/twin.11.3.266
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Kendler, Kenneth S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergen, Sarah E.;Gardner, Charles O.;Kendler, Kenneth S.
与药物使用和滥用/依赖相关的负面社会属性可能是由于共同的遗传或环境因素而不是通过因果途径产生的。为了评估这种可能性，结构化访谈进行了3969名男性和女性双胞胎从大西洋中部双胞胎登记处和他们的社会经济地位（SES），社会交往和使用药物的评价。药物参与被归类为从未使用过，尝试过，或符合滥用或依赖的标准。采用分层线性模型进行双胞胎对照设计，以评估使用药物的双胞胎是否比不使用药物的双胞胎经历更低的SES和社会支持。暴露于药物的双胞胎中的潜在社会功能与因果关系一致，而暴露于药物的双胞胎与天真的双胞胎中的类似功能意味着共享遗传或共同的环境因素。药物的使用与任何SES指标均无显著相关性。然而，教育和工作状况似乎与药物滥用/依赖有着共同的遗传影响。收入较低与药物滥用/依赖无关。与朋友和亲戚的负面互动与使用毒品有着共同的遗传因素，但从尝试毒品到滥用毒品的升级似乎会以因果关系的方式在滥用者与朋友和亲戚之间产生不和。这些结果表明，药物滥用/依赖对低社会经济地位的推定因果影响实际上可能是由共享基因介导的。药物使用和社会不和谐似乎也有共同的遗传因素，但药物参与程度的增加似乎会因果地影响社会互动。
The negative social attributes associated with drug use and abuse/dependence may arise as a result of shared genetic or environmental factors rather than through causal pathways. To evaluate this possibility, structured interviews were conducted for 3969 male and female twins from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry and evaluations of their socioeconomic status (SES), social interactions, and use of drugs were obtained. Drug involvement was categorized as never used, tried, or met criteria for abuse or dependence. A co-twin control design was implemented using hierarchical linear modeling to assess whether twins who used drugs experienced lower SES and social support than non-using co-twins. Poorer social functioning in the drug-exposed twin is consistent with a causal relationship, while similar functioning in the drug exposed versus naive twins imply shared genetic or common environmental factors. Use of drugs was not significantly related to any SES measures. However, education and job status appear to share genetic influences with drug abuse/dependence. Lower income was not related to abuse/dependence of drugs. Negative interactions with friends and relatives share genetic factors with use of drugs, but the escalation from trying drugs to abusing them appears to generate discord between the abuser and friends and relatives in a causal fashion. These results indicate that presumptive causal influences of drug abuse/dependence on low SES may actually be mediated by shared genes. Drug use and social discord also appear to have shared genetic factors, but increased levels of drug involvement seem to causally influence social interactions.