Analyses of limpet defense and predator offense in the field
Analyses of limpet defense and predator offense in the field
复制标题
帽贝防御和捕食者进攻的现场分析
DOI：
10.1007/bf00350018
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
K. Iwasaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Iwasaki
1982年11月至1984年8月，在日本和歌山县京都大学的濑户海洋生物实验室附近，对两种潮间带帽贝对两种捕食性物种的防御行为进行了800多小时的潜水观测。观测的焦点是一个简单的孤立岩石，面积为0.9 m2，倾角为75°。有肺的归巢limpetSiphonaria sirius的反应是逃离它的家，以回应海螺Thais clavigera和平静紧紧地回到它的家的疤痕，以回应海星Coquillas acutispina。这两种行为都成功地避免了捕食。当一只海螺远离后，帽贝回到了它们的家园。小帽生物Cellana toreumhad表现出外套膜折叠行为，或者响应海螺，平均垂直向上逃离8厘米的距离，响应海星，平均垂直向上逃离21厘米的距离。捕食者花费觅食的时间量增加，在低潮间带相对于中，高区，大多数捕食者的攻击，观察帽贝的休息期间（淹没在下午晚些时候或夜间）。C. toreuma与帽贝在休息时头部向上的方向有关。观察到的帽贝中有一半向下逃离海星，这是一种由向下攻击引起的运动，受到了第二次攻击。这些帽贝在第二次遭遇时有67%的时间被捕食。C. toreuma导致它的栖息地向研究地点的更高处移动，那里的攻击发生较少，死亡率最低。这表明S. sirius和C. toreumaare机制，通过这种机制，帽贝之间的种间竞争减少，并维持在小岩石表面上的共存。
Between November 1982 and August 1984 diving observations of two intertidal limpets' defensive behaviours in response to two predatory species were made near the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory of Kyoto University, in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, for over 800 h. The focus of the observations was a simple isolated rock, 0.9 m2in area with an inclination of 75°. The pulmonate homing limpetSiphonaria siriusresponded by fleeing from its home in response to the whelkThais clavigeraand by calmping tightly to its home scar in response to the starfishCoscinasterias acutispina. Both behaviours were successful for avoiding predation. After a whelk moved far away, limpets returned to their homes. The patellid limpetCellana toreumashowed mantle folding behaviour or fled for an average distance of 8 cm vertically upwards in response to the whelk and for an average distance of 21 cm vertically upwards in response to the starfish. The amount of time predators spent foraging increased in the low intertidal zone relative to the mid and high zones, and most predator attacks were observed during the limpets' resting periods (submersion in late afternoon or nighttime). The upward directional flight displayed byC. toreumawas related to the upward orientation of the limpets' heads when they are in a resting position. Half of the limpets observed fleeing downward away from a starfish, a movement elicited by a downward attack, received a second attack. These limpets were preyed upon at the second encounter 67% of the time. The upward fleeing behaviour ofC. toreumaresulted in the shifting of its resting site higher up the study site where fewer attacks occurred and where the mortality rate was at its lowest. It is suggested that the homing behaviour ofS. siriusand the upward fleeing behaviour ofC. toreumaare mechanisms by means of which interspecific competition between limpets is reduced and coexistence on a small rock surface is maintained.