How neural stem cells contribute to neocortex development.
How neural stem cells contribute to neocortex development.
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20200923
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发表时间：
2021-11-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Huttner WB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xing L;Wilsch-Bräuninger M;Huttner WB
哺乳动物的新皮质是人类思维和语言等高级认知功能的所在地。新皮质的一个标志是皮质神经元，它们是在发育过程中由神经祖细胞 (NPC) 分裂产生的，构成了新皮质组织良好的分层结构的关键特征。新皮质结构的正确形成需要不同皮质 NPC 在发育过程中，特别是在皮质神经发生过程中协调一致的细胞行为。在这里，我们回顾了 NPC 的巨大多样性及其对新皮质发育的贡献。首先，我们回顾了根据细胞生物学特征将 NPC 分为不同类别和类型的分类，并讨论了不同类型 NPC 中标记表达和细胞极性特征的最新进展。其次，我们回顾了 NPC 经历的不同细胞分裂模式，并讨论了 NPC 增殖和分化之间的平衡在新皮质发育中的重要性。第三，我们回顾了不同哺乳动物物种中不同NPC类型以及同一类型NPC之间的不同增殖能力。剖析NPC类型之间的差异以及哺乳动物物种之间的差异有利于进一步了解新皮质的发育和进化扩展，并可能为神经发育和精神疾病开辟新的治疗途径。
The mammalian neocortex is the seat of higher cognitive functions, such as thinking and language in human. A hallmark of the neocortex are the cortical neurons, which are generated from divisions of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during development, and which constitute a key feature of the well-organized layered structure of the neocortex. Proper formation of neocortex structure requires an orchestrated cellular behavior of different cortical NPCs during development, especially during the process of cortical neurogenesis. Here, we review the great diversity of NPCs and their contribution to the development of the neocortex. First, we review the categorization of NPCs into different classes and types based on their cell biological features, and discuss recent advances in characterizing marker expression and cell polarity features in the different types of NPCs. Second, we review the different modes of cell divisions that NPCs undergo and discuss the importance of the balance between proliferation and differentiation of NPCs in neocortical development. Third, we review the different proliferative capacities among different NPC types and among the same type of NPC in different mammalian species. Dissecting the differences between NPC types and differences among mammalian species is beneficial to further understand the development and the evolutionary expansion of the neocortex and may open up new therapeutic avenues for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.