Secondary Metabolites Governing Microbiome Interaction of Staphylococcal Pathogens and Commensals
Secondary Metabolites Governing Microbiome Interaction of Staphylococcal Pathogens and Commensals
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DOI：
10.1159/000517082
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发表时间：
2021-07
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Benjamin O. Torres Salazar;S. Heilbronner;A. Peschel;B. Krismer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Benjamin O. Torres Salazar;S. Heilbronner;A. Peschel;B. Krismer
各种葡萄球菌物种定殖于温血动物的皮肤和上呼吸道。在这些栖息地的恶劣和营养不良的条件下，它们利用我们刚刚开始认识到的机制成功地与许多其他微生物竞争。小分子介质，其生物合成需要复杂的酶级联反应，所谓的次级代谢产物，已成为葡萄球菌微生物组相互作用的关键组成部分。这种介质属于各种各样的化合物类别，其中一些具有吸引力的性质，为未来的药物开发。它们包括，例如，细菌素，如羊毛硫肽、硫肽和纤维肽，其抑制细菌竞争物种;信号分子，如硫内酯肽，其诱导或抑制其他细菌中的感觉级联;或金属载体，如葡萄球菌铁蛋白和葡萄球菌碱，其抑制过渡金属离子。对于一些次级代谢产物，如aureusimines，确切的功能仍有待阐明。在其他微生物和宿主防御因子的复杂背景下，次级代谢产物如何塑造葡萄球菌物种的适应性仍然是未来研究的一个具有挑战性的领域。详细的了解将有助于利用葡萄球菌次级代谢产物将致病性金黄色葡萄球菌从高危患者的鼻内微生物组中排除，并有助于开发先进的抗感染干预措施。
Various Staphylococcus species colonize skin and upper airways of warm-blooded animals. They compete successfully with many other microorganisms under the hostile and nutrient-poor conditions of these habitats using mechanisms that we are only beginning to appreciate. Small-molecule mediators, whose biosynthesis requires complex enzymatic cascades, so-called secondary metabolites, have emerged as crucial components of staphylococcal microbiome interactions. Such mediators belong to a large variety of compound classes and several of them have attractive properties for future drug development. They include, for instance, bacteriocins such as lanthipeptides, thiopeptides, and fibupeptides that inhibit bacterial competitor species; signaling molecules such as thiolactone peptides that induce or inhibit sensory cascades in other bacteria; or metallophores such as staphyloferrins and staphylopine that scavenge scant transition metal ions. For some secondary metabolites such as the aureusimines, the exact function remains to be elucidated. How secondary metabolites shape the fitness of Staphylococcus species in the complex context of other microbial and host defense factors remains a challenging field of future research. A detailed understanding will help to harness staphylococcal secondary metabolites for excluding the pathogenic species Staphylococcus aureus from the nasal microbiomes of at-risk patients, and it will be instrumental for the development of advanced anti-infective interventions.