Nutraceutical antioxidants as novel neuroprotective agents.
Nutraceutical antioxidants as novel neuroprotective agents.
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DOI：
10.3390/molecules15117792
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发表时间：
2010-11-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Linseman DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kelsey NA;Wilkins HM;Linseman DA
多种来源于天然产物（营养品）的抗氧化剂化合物已分别在神经元细胞死亡或神经变性的体外或体内模型中表现出神经保护活性。这些天然抗氧化剂根据它们的化学结构分为几个不同的组：（1）类黄酮多酚，如来自绿色茶的表没食子儿茶素3-没食子酸酯（EGCG）和来自苹果的槲皮素;（2）非类黄酮多酚，如来自姜黄的姜黄素和来自葡萄的白藜芦醇;（3）酚酸或酚二萜，如迷迭香酸或鼠尾草酸，分别来自迷迭香;和（4）有机硫化合物，包括来自花椰菜的异硫氰酸酯L-萝卜硫素和来自大蒜的硫代磺酸盐大蒜素。所有这些化合物通常被认为是抗氧化剂。它们可以这样分类，因为它们直接抑制自由基或它们间接增加内源性细胞抗氧化剂防御，例如，通过激活核因子红细胞衍生2相关因子2（Nrf 2）转录因子途径。还提出了这些化合物的神经保护作用的替代作用机制，例如调节信号转导级联或对基因表达的影响。在这里，我们回顾了有关这些不同类别的营养抗氧化剂的文献，并讨论了它们在神经退行性疾病中的潜在治疗价值。
A variety of antioxidant compounds derived from natural products (nutraceuticals) have demonstrated neuroprotective activity in either in vitro or in vivo models of neuronal cell death or neurodegeneration, respectively. These natural antioxidants fall into several distinct groups based on their chemical structures: (1) flavonoid polyphenols like epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea and quercetin from apples; (2) non-flavonoid polyphenols such as curcumin from tumeric and resveratrol from grapes; (3) phenolic acids or phenolic diterpenes such as rosmarinic acid or carnosic acid, respectively, both from rosemary; and (4) organosulfur compounds including the isothiocyanate, L-sulforaphane, from broccoli and the thiosulfonate allicin, from garlic. All of these compounds are generally considered to be antioxidants. They may be classified this way either because they directly scavenge free radicals or they indirectly increase endogenous cellular antioxidant defenses, for example, via activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor pathway. Alternative mechanisms of action have also been suggested for the neuroprotective effects of these compounds such as modulation of signal transduction cascades or effects on gene expression. Here, we review the literature pertaining to these various classes of nutraceutical antioxidants and discuss their potential therapeutic value in neurodegenerative diseases.